Kurapa kwe graphitization kunowanzo da tembiricha yepamusoro inotangira pa2300 kusvika 3000℃, musimboti wayo mukuru uri kushandurwa kwemaatomu ekabhoni kubva pakurongeka kusina kurongeka kuenda kuchimiro che graphite crystal chakarongeka kuburikidza nekurapa kupisa kwakanyanya. Pasi apa pane ongororo yakadzama:
I. Kureba kweTembiricha yeKurapa KweGraphitization Kwenguva Dzose
A. Zvinodiwa zveKupisa Kwepakutanga
Kugadzira graphitization yemazuva ano kunoda kukwidza tembiricha kusvika pa2300 kusvika 3000℃, apo:
- 2500℃ inoratidza nzvimbo inokosha yekuchinja, apo nzvimbo yepakati pemaatomu ekabhoni inoderera zvakanyanya, uye mwero we graphitization unowedzera nekukurumidza;
- Kupfuura 3000℃, shanduko dzinowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye girafiti kristaro inosvika pakukwana, kunyange zvazvo tembiricha inowedzera kuwedzera goho richideredza kuvandudzwa kwekushanda.
B. Mhedzisiro yeMusiyano weZvinhu paTembiricha
- Macarbon ari nyore kushandisa (semuenzaniso, petroleum coke): Anopinda muchikamu chegraphitization pa1700℃, nekuwedzera kukuru kwegraphitization pa2500℃;
- Makabhoni akaoma kuagadzira (semuenzaniso, anthracite): Anoda tembiricha yakakwira (inosvika 3000℃) kuti awane shanduko yakafanana.
II. Nzira Iyo Tembiricha Yakakwirira Inoshandisa Kuronga Atomu yeKabhoni
A. Chikamu 1 (1000–1800℃): Kubuda kwemhepo kusingachinji uye Kurongeka kwemativi maviri
- Maketani eAliphatic, CH, uye C=O bonds zvinoputsika, zvichiburitsa hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sarufa, nezvimwe zvinhu muchimiro chema monomers kana mamorekuru ari nyore (semuenzaniso, CH₄, CO₂);
- Maturikirwo eatomu ekabhoni anokura mukati mendege ine mativi maviri, nekukwirira kwe microcrystalline kuchiwedzera kubva pa1 nm kusvika ku10 nm, nepo kuunganidzwa kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana kuchiramba kusina kuchinja zvakanyanya;
- Maitiro ese ari maviri e endothermic (makemikari) uye exothermic (maitiro epanyama, akadai sekuburitswa kwesimba re interfacial kubva mukunyangarika kwe microcrystalline boundary) anoitika panguva imwe chete.
B. Chikamu 2 (1800–2400℃): Kuronga Zvidimbu Zvitatu uye Kugadzirisa Miganhu Yezviyo
- Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekupisa kwemaatomu ekabhoni kunoita kuti achinje kuita marongerwo emativi matatu, zvichitungamirirwa nepfungwa yesimba shoma rakasununguka;
- Kukanganisika kwenzvimbo uye miganhu yetsanga pamatanho ekristaro zvinonyangarika zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichiratidzwa nekubuda kwemitsara yakapinza (hko) uye (001) muX-ray diffraction spectra, zvichisimbisa kuumbwa kwezvirongwa zvakarongwa zvemativi matatu;
- Mamwe marara anoumba makabhidhi (semuenzaniso, silicon carbide), ayo anoora kuita utsi hwesimbi uye graphite pakupisa kwakanyanya.
C. Chikamu 3 (Pamusoro pe2400℃): Kukura kwezviyo uye Kudzokororwazve
- Saizi dzezviyo dzinowedzera pamwe chete nea-axis kusvika paavhareji ye10–150 nm uye pamwe chete nec-axis kusvika paavhareji ye60 layers (inenge 20 nm);
- Maatomu ekabhoni anonatswa ne lattice kuburikidza ne internal kana intermolecular migration, nepo mwero wekubuda kwemhepo kwezvinhu zvekabhoni uchiwedzera zvakanyanya nekupisa;
- Kuchinjana kwezvinhu kunoitika pakati pezvikamu zvakasimba negasi, zvichikonzera kuumbwa kwechimiro chekristaro chegraphite chakarongeka zvakanyanya.
III. Kugadzirisa Tembiricha kuburikidza neMaitiro Akakosha
A. Kugadzirisa Girafiti
Kuwedzerwa kwezvinhu zvinokonzeresa simbi kana ferrosilicon kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya tembiricha yegraphitization kusvika pa1500–2200℃. Semuenzaniso:
- Ferrosilicon catalyst (25% silicon content) inogona kuderedza tembiricha kubva pa2500–3000℃ kusvika 1500℃;
- BN catalyst inogona kuderedza tembiricha kusvika pasi pe2200℃ uku ichivandudza kurongeka kwe carbon fibers.
B. Kugadzira Graphitization yeTemperature Yakanyanya Kupisa
Inoshandiswa pakushandisa zvinhu zvine hutsanana hwakanyanya senge nuclear-grade neaerospace-grade graphite, maitiro aya anoshandisa medium-frequency induction heating kana plasma arc heating (semuenzaniso, argon plasma core tembiricha inosvika 15,000℃) kuti isvike pakupisa kwepamusoro-soro kupfuura 3200℃ pazvigadzirwa;
- Dhigirii regirafiti rinodarika 0.99, nehuwandu hwakaderera hwekusvibiswa (huwandu hwedota < 0.01%).
IV. Kukanganiswa kweKupisa paMigumisiro yeGraphitization
A. Kuramba uye Kufambisa Kwekupisa
Pakuwedzera kwega kwega kwe 0.1 mu graphitization degree, resistivity inoderera ne30%, uye thermal conductivity inowedzera ne25%. Semuenzaniso, mushure mekurapwa pa3000℃, resistivity ye graphite inogona kuderera kusvika 1/4–1/5 yehukoshi hwayo hwekutanga.
B. Zvimiro zveMichina
Kupisa kwakanyanya kunoderedza nzvimbo pakati pegirafiti kusvika padanho rakakodzera (0.3354 nm), zvichiwedzera zvakanyanya kuramba kupisa uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari (nekudzikiswa kwekuwedzera kwe50%–80%), ukuwo zvichipawo kunyorova uye kuramba kupfeka.
C. Kuvandudza Kuchena
Pa3000℃, zvisungo zvemakemikari mu99.9% yemakemikari echisikigo zvinoputsika, zvichiita kuti tsvina ibudiswe muchimiro chegasi uye zvichikonzera kuchena kwechigadzirwa che99.9% kana kupfuura.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-11-2025