Musiyano mukuru mukuita kwe calcination pakati pe coke yakagadzirwa nemafuta ne coke yakagadzirwa nemarasha uri munzira dzakasiyana dzekuita dzinokonzereswa nekusiyana kwemakemikari ari muzvinhu zvavo zvekugadzira, izvo zvinozotungamira mukusiyana kukuru mukushanduka kwechimiro chekristaro, shanduko yechimiro, uye matambudziko ekudzora maitiro. Ongororo yakadzama ndeiyi inotevera:
1. Kusiyana kweMakemikoro eZvinhu Zvisina Kugadzirwa Ndiwo Anonyanya Kukonzeresa Kukanganiswa kweCalcination
Coke inobva mumafuta inotorwa kubva mumafuta anonhuhwirira akadai semafuta anoramba ari mumafuta uye mafuta anocheneswa nemafuta anocheneswa nemafuta. Kuumbwa kwayo kunonyanya kuratidzwa nemahydrocarbon aromatic aromatic ane mapfupi, ane mahydrocarbon akabatana nemutsara, ane mahydrocarbon mashoma esulfure, nitrogen, oxygen, uye metallic heteroatoms, pamwe nekusvibiswa kwakasimba kushoma uye quinoline-insoluble matter. Kuumbwa uku kunoguma nekuita calcination kunodzorwa ne pyrolysis reactions, nenzira iri nyore ye reaction uye kubviswa kwetsvina kwakanyatsonaka.
Kusiyana neizvi, coke yakagadzirwa nemarasha inogadzirwa kubva mu coal tar pitch ne distillates dzayo, dzine huwandu hwakawanda hwe long side-chain uye condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pamwe nehuwandu hwakawanda hwe salfa, nitrogen, oxygen heteroatoms, uye tsvina yakasimba. Kuumbwa kwakaoma kwe coke yakagadzirwa nemarasha kunotungamira kwete chete kune pyrolysis reactions asiwo kune zvakakosha condensation reactions panguva ye calcination, zvichikonzera nzira yakaoma yekuita reaction uye kuoma kukuru mukubvisa tsvina.
2. Kusiyana kweMagadzirirwo eKristaro Kuchinja-chinja kweMagadzirirwo eZvinhu
Munguva yekuumbwa kwe calcination, ma microcrystals ekabhoni mu coke yakagadzirwa nemafuta anowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma mu dhayamita (La), kureba (Lc), uye huwandu hwezvikamu mukati memakristaro (N). Zviri mukati mema microcrystals akakodzera e graphite (Ig/Iall) zvinokwirawo zvakanyanya. Kunyangwe Lc ichiona "inflection point" nekuda kwekubuda kwezvinhu zvinoshanduka uye kudonha kwe coke isina kuchena, chimiro chekristaro chose chinova chakajairika, ne graphitization yakakwira. Kushanduka uku kwechimiro kunoita kuti coke yakagadzirwa nemafuta ive nehunhu hwakanaka senge low thermal expansion coefficient, low electrical resistivity, uye high electrical conductivity mushure mekuumbwa kwe calcination, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kugadzira ma electrodes makuru e graphite ane simba guru.
Saizvozvowo, chimiro checarbon microcrystal checoke yakagadzirwa nemarasha chinoshanduka nekuwedzera kweLa, Lc, uye N panguva ye calcination. Zvisinei, nekuda kwesimba rekusachena uye condensation reactions muzvinhu zvakabikwa, kune zvikanganiso zvakawanda zvekristaro, uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwakanaka hwegraphite microcrystal kwakaganhurirwa. Pamusoro pezvo, chiitiko che "inflection point" cheLc chinonyatsoonekwa mucoke yakagadzirwa nemarasha, uye layers dzichangowedzerwa dzinoratidza "stacking faults" dzisina kurongeka nelayers dzepakutanga, zvichikonzera kuchinja kukuru mu interlayer spacing (d002). Hunhu uhwu hwemaumbirwo hunoita kuti coke yakagadzirwa nemarasha ive ne thermal expansion coefficient yakaderera uye electrical resistivity pane coke yakagadzirwa nemafuta mushure me calcination, asi simba rakaderera uye abrasion resistance, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kugadzira ma electrodes ane simba rakawanda uye ma electrodes ane simba repakati nepakati.
3. Kusiyana muKuchinja kweZvivakwa Zvinoonekwa Kunosarudza Nzvimbo dzeKushandisa
Munguva yekuumbwa kwesimbi, coke yakagadzirwa nemafuta inobuda muzvinhu zvinopisa uye inodzikira zvakaenzana, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kukuru kwehuwandu hwezvinhu (kusvika 2.00–2.12 g/cm³) uye kuvandudzika kukuru kwesimba remuchina. Panguva imwe chete, kufambisa magetsi, kuramba oxidation, uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari kwezvinhu zvakaumbwa zvinowedzerwa zvakanyanya, zvichizadzisa zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvezvigadzirwa zvegrafiti zvepamusoro.
Kusiyana neizvi, coke yakagadzirwa nemarasha inosangana nekunetseka kwenzvimbo panguva yekubuda kwezvinhu zvinoputika nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwakanyanya hwekusachena, zvichikonzera kushomeka kwehuwandu husina kuenzana uye kuwedzera kudiki kwehuwandu hwechokwadi. Uyezve, simba rakaderera uye kusasimba kwekukwesha kwecoke yakagadzirwa nemarasha mushure mekunyungudika, pamwe chete netsika yayo yekuwedzera panguva yegirafiti yepamusoro, zvinoda kudzora zvakanyanya mwero wekuwedzera kwekushisa. Hunhu uhwu hwehunhu hunoganhurira kushandiswa kwecoke yakagadzirwa nemarasha munzvimbo dzakakwirira, kunyangwe coefficient yayo yekuwedzera kwekupisa yakaderera uye resistivity yemagetsi ichiri kuita kuti isatsiviwe munzvimbo dzakatarwa.
4. Kusiyana muKutonga Matambudziko Ekugadzira Kunokanganisa Kubudirira Kwekugadzira
Nekuda kwemakemikari ayo ari nyore, coke yakagadzirwa nemafuta inoratidza nzira dzakajeka dzekuita panguva yekuchekwa kwemafuta, zvichikonzera kuoma kushoma kwekudzora maitiro. Nekugadzirisa maparamita akadai sekupisa kwe calcination, mwero wekupisa, uye kudzora mhepo, mhando uye kushanda zvakanaka kwezvigadzirwa zvakachekwa kwemafuta zvinogona kuvandudzwa zvinobudirira. Pamusoro pezvo, huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvinoshanduka mu coke yakagadzirwa nemafuta hunopa simba rekupisa rinozvipa panguva yekuchekwa kwemafuta, zvichideredza mari yekugadzira.
Kusiyana neizvi, kuumbwa kwakaoma kwemakemikari ecoke yakagadzirwa nemarasha kunotungamira kune nzira dzakasiyana dzekuita panguva yekugadziriswa kwecalcium, zvichiwedzera kuoma kwekudzora mashandiro. Kugadziriswa kwakasimba kwezvinhu zvakabikwa, kudzora kupisa kwakanyatsojeka, uye kugadziriswa kwemhepo kwakakosha zvinodiwa kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuti chigadzirwa chakasimba mushure mekugadziriswa kwecalcium. Uyezve, coke yakagadzirwa nemarasha inoda kuwedzerwa kwesimba rekupisa panguva yekugadziriswa kwecalcium, zvichiwedzera mari yekugadzira uye kushandiswa kwesimba.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-07-2026