Ma electrode e graphite akaratidza mikana yakakura yekushandisa simba idzva, senge mabhatiri e sodium-ion nemabhatiri e solid-state. Hunhu hwavo hwakagadzikana hwemuviri nemakemikari uye chimiro chayo chakaiswa muzvikamu zvinopa rutsigiro rwakakosha pakuvandudza mashandiro ebhatiri. Panguva iyi, anogona kuwedzera kuchengetedzeka mumabhatiri e solid-state uye kuwedzera nzvimbo yekushandisa kuburikidza nekuvandudza tekinoroji mumabhatiri e sodium-ion.
I. Mabhatiri Akasimba: Kugadzikana uye kuchengetedzeka kwegraphite sechinhu chinogadzirwa neanode
Maumbirwo akarongwa anodzivirira kuumbwa kwe lithium dendrites
Maumbirwo egirazi egirafiti anogona kutungamira zvinobudirira kupindirana uye kubviswa kweioni dze lithium, kudzivirira njodzi yekufamba kwenguva pfupi inokonzerwa ne dendrites inopinda mu separator, uye kuvandudza zvakanyanya mashandiro ekuchengetedza emabhatiri e solid-state. Hunhu uhwu hunoita kuti graphite ive imwe yemhinduro dzinofarirwa dzezvinhu zve anode mumabhatiri e solid-state.
Kugadzikana kwemakemikari KUNOGONESESWA nemamiriro ekunze akaipisisa
Mabhatiri eSolid-state anoshandisa maelectrolyte akasimba panzvimbo pemaelectrolyte emvura, zvichipa tembiricha yakakura yekushanda uye voltage yakakwira. Graphite inogona kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwechimiro munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya uye dzine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, ichivimbisa hupenyu hwenguva refu hwemabhatiri uye ichizadzisa zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekuchengetedza simba.
Mikana yekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji
Nekuvandudza maitiro ekugadzirira (senge nanorization uye surface coating), huwandu hwesimba uye kushanda zvakanaka kwe graphite anodes zvinogona kuwedzerwa. Semuenzaniso, silicon-carbon anodes dzakasanganiswa nezvinhu zvakagadzirwa ne silicon dzakawana kugadzirwa kwakawanda, dzine kugona kwakapetwa katatu kusvika kashanu kupfuura kwe graphite yechinyakare, nokudaro dzichiva nzira yakakosha yekugadzirisa simba rakawanda mumabhatiri ane solid-state.
Ii. Mabhatiri eSodium-ion: Kubudirira kweTekinoroji uye Mabhenefiti eGraphite Anodes
Kuvandudzwa muhurongwa hwekubatanidza maion e sodium
Maonero echinyakare anoti nzvimbo iri pakati pegirafiti (inenge 0.335nm) haigone kugamuchira maion e sodium (ane dhayamita ye 0.36nm), asi zvidzidzo zvechangobva kuitwa zvakawana nzira yekudzoreredza kupindirana kwemaion e sodium nekuwedzera nzvimbo iri pakati pegirafiti kuburikidza nekugaya bhora kana nekushandisa macompounds e sodium-oxide kugadzira ma block reactions. Kubudirira uku kwakavhura nzira itsva yekushandiswa kwe graphite mumabhatiri e sodium-ion.
Mari uye zvakanakira zvekushandisa
Pasi rose rakapfuma muzviwanikwa zvegrafiti uye zvakapararira zvikuru. China inodarika 60% yehuwandu hwekugadzira pasi rose, uye mutengo wezvinhu zvakagadzirwa wakaderera zvakanyanya pane wezviwanikwa zve lithium. Kana mabhatiri e sodium-ion akagashira ma graphite anodes, zvinogona kuderedza mari yemabhatiri uye kukurumidzisa maitiro avo ekutengesa munzvimbo dzakadai sekuchengetedza simba uye mota dzemagetsi dzinomhanya zvishoma.
Kushandiswa pamwe chete nezvinhu zvakaoma zvekabhoni
Kabhoni yakaoma yave chinhu chikuru cheanode yemabhatiri e sodium-ion nekuda kwechimiro chayo chisina kurongeka uye nzvimbo yakakura pakati pezvikamu, asi ine matambudziko ekushanda zvishoma kwekutanga uye mutengo wakakwira. Kusanganiswa kwegraphite ne hard carbon kunogona kuenzana mashandiro uye mutengo. Semuenzaniso, tekinoroji ye hard carbon yakaputirwa ne asphalt inopa sarudzo iri nani yeanode yemabhatiri e sodium-ion nekuwedzera kufambisa magetsi, kuderedza kuramba kwemukati, uye kuvandudza kugadzikana kwe cycle.
III. Zvinotungamira Musika uye Marongerwo Emaindasitiri
Kudiwa kwesimba idzva kwaona kukura kukuru
Kutengeswa kwemotokari itsva dzemagetsi pasi rose kwave kuchikwira nguva nenguva, uye kudiwa kwemabhatiri anogara kwenguva refu uye asingadhuri mumasisitimu ekuchengetera magetsi kwakawedzera, zvichikonzera kukura kwemusika wezvinhu zve lithium-ion battery anode. Kuburitswa kwezvinhu zve anode pasi rose kunotarisirwa kusvika matani mamiriyoni 2.625 muna 2025, pakati pazvo graphite inodarika 98%, ichiva chinhu chikuru mumunda mutsva wesimba.
Matura etekinoroji ebhizinesi uye kuwedzera kugona
Shanshan Co., Ltd. iri kukurudzira kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nesilicon zvakanyanya. Ma hard carbon anode anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumabhatiri e lithium, mabhatiri e sodium-ion uye mabhatiri asina simba. Kugona kugadzirwa kwakagadzirwa i 1,000 matani uye kugona kwekugadzirwa kuri 40,000 matani.
Yicheng New Energy: Ichishandisa mabhenefiti eboka iri muhydrogen, kabhoni uye silicon resources, yakavaka sisitimu yeindasitiri ye "zvinhu zvekabhoni zvepamusoro-soro + kubatanidzwa kwenzvimbo-grid-load-storage". Kambani yayo iri pasi pekambani, Kaifeng Carbon, ine mugove wemusika wemuno weinopfuura 30% wezvigadzirwa zvayo zvinotungamira, UHPΦ 600-700mm graphite electrodes, yakabata chinzvimbo chepamusoro muindasitiri iyi.
Catl neBTR: Vakabatana kugadzira zvinhu zvegrafiti anode zvine huwandu hwakawanda kuti vawedzere huwandu hwesimba rebhatiri uye hupenyu hwese hwema cycle, uye kusimbisa chinzvimbo chavo chepamusoro mu tekinoroji.
Mitemo nemirau zvinotungamira mukuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri
China yakaburitsa magwaro emutemo akadai se "Mitemo Yekutonga Indasitiri yeGraphite" uye "Chirongwa Chekuvandudza Indasitiri Yemotokari Itsva Yesimba", zvichikurudzira kushandurwa kweindasitiri kuenda kubudiriro yepamusoro, yehungwaru uye yezvakatipoteredza. Makambani anovandudza simba ravo rekutaurirana kwetekinoroji uye kukwikwidzana kwemusika kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwakazara (senge kuisa kugona kwekugadzira kweneedle coke) uye kutora chikamu mukugadzirwa kwemitemo yepasi rose (senge ISO graphite electrode testing standards).
Iv. Mafambiro Nematambudziko Eramangwana
Kubatanidzwa kwetekinoroji uye hunyanzvi
Kutsvaga pamwe chete nekugadzira zvinhu zvegraphene neelectrode, pamwe nekuvandudza mashandiro emagetsi pakati pema solid electrolytes ne graphite anodes, zvichave chinhu chikuru chekubvisa dambudziko resimba rakawanda. Semuenzaniso, mabhatiri akavakirwa pa graphene anogona kusimudzira mafambiro emotokari dzemagetsi dzemhando yepamusoro uye kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nemotokari dzemagetsi dzemhando yepamusoro.
Kudzivirirwa kwezvakatipoteredza nebudiriro inoenderera mberi
Kudzoserwa kweguruva regrafiti kunofanirwa kukwidziridzwa kusvika pa99.9%, uye tekinoroji yekugadzira simba rekupisa inoraswa ne calcination inogona kudzoserwa 35% yesimba rinoshandiswa. Makambani anofanirwa kuvaka sisitimu ye "kugadzira - kudzokorodza - kuvandudza" kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa pasi rose zvekuchengetedza nharaunda zvakaita semutengo wekabhoni weEU.
Kuwedzera kwemisika iri kubuda
Kuburikidza ne "Belt and Road Initiative", makambani eChinese graphite akatumira matekinoroji avo kuSoutheast Asia, Africa nedzimwe nzvimbo, uye akagadzira nzvimbo dzekugadzira dzemuno kudzivirira zvipingamupinyi zvekutengeserana. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo yekugadzira zvinhu zve graphite anode iri kuvakwa muMalaysia kuti igutse kudiwa kwemotokari itsva dzemagetsi munharaunda.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-22-2025