Zvinhu Zvikuru Zvinokanganisa Kuchinja-chinja Kwemitengo Mumusika weGraphitized Petroleum Coke
I. Rutivi rweKudiwa: Kuwedzera kweMaindasitiri Ari Pasi uye Kubuda kweMasekta Matsva
- Kudiwa kubva kuElectrolytic Aluminum and Graphite Electrode Industries
Graphitized petroleum coke inoshanda sechinhu chakakosha che anode dzakabikwa kare muindasitiri ye electrolytic aruminiyamu uye chinhu chakakosha mukugadzira ma electrode e graphite. Kuchinja-chinja kwesimba re electrolytic aruminiyamu kunokanganisa zvakananga kudiwa kwechinhu ichi:- 2017–2018: Kukura kwekugadzirwa kwesimbi yemagetsi inonzi arc furnace kwakaita kuti kudiwa kwema electrode e graphite kukwire, mitengo ye petroleum coke ichikwira kubva pa RMB 1,200/ton kusvika pa RMB 7,000/ton.
- 2024: Kurambidzwa kwekubuda kwecarbon kwakamanikidza mamwe makambani e electrolytic aruminiyamu kuderedza kugadzirwa, zvichideredza kudiwa kwe petroleum coke uye zvichideredza mitengo.
- Chikamu chekuchengetedza simba remabhatiri: Kudiwa kuri kukura kwema electrode e graphite kwakawedzera kukwira kwemitengo ye petroleum coke.
- Kukura Kukuru muKudiwa kweLithium Battery Anode Material
- 2024: Kudiwa kwenyika yose kwezvinhu zve lithium battery anode zvakasvika matani mamiriyoni 2.2, zvichida matani anopfuura mamiriyoni matatu e petroleum coke, asi kuwanikwa chaiko kwakamira pamatani mamiriyoni 2.6 chete, zvichigadzira mukaha we13% wekuwanikwa kwezvinhu.
- 2025: Makambani eChina ekugadzira zvinhu zveanode akaronga huwandu hunopfuura matani mamiriyoni mashanu (hwakapfuura zvakanyanya kudiwa kwepasi rose kwematani mamiriyoni matatu nehafu), zvichiwedzera makwikwi ezvigadzirwa uye zvichiita kuti mitengo yemafuta ecoke ane sarufa shoma isvike paRMB 6,000/tani, kuwedzera kwe150% kubva pakutanga kwa2023.
- Kuwedzera kweKudiwa kweIndasitiri yePhotovoltaic
- 2024: Kudiwa kwepasi rose kwecoke yepetroleum yemhando ye photovoltaic kwakawedzera ne35%, vagadziri vezvinhu zvesilicon (semuenzaniso, Tongwei, GCL) vachikwikwidzana nezvezvinhu zvecoke ine sulfur shoma, zvichikwidza mitengo.
II. Rutivi rweKugovera: Kudzika kweKukwanisa uye Kukanganiswa kweKugovera
- Kuoma Kwekugona Kuchenesa Oiri
- Mitemo yepasi rose ye "Dual Carbon": Kukurumidza kubviswa kwesimba rekuchenesa rekare muEurope neUS kwakaita kuti simba rekuchenesa reEurope ridzikire ne8% gore negore uye huwandu hwekuvharwa kwe12% pakati pevagadziri vemafuta eshale muUS muna 2024, zvichideredza zvakanyanya kuwanikwa kwecoke ine sarufa shoma.
- Kuvharwa kwefekitori yekuChina: Muna Kukadzi 2025, fekitori dzakazvimirira dzeShandong (Guangrao, Rizhao, Zibo) dzakazivisa kuvharwa kwekugadzirisa midziyo kwenguva isingaperi, zvichiwedzera kusimbaradza kuwanikwa kwemafuta pamusika.
- Kufungidzira Kwezvinhu Zviri Mukati Uye Kuchengeta Vatengesi
- Kuunganidza zvinhu zvevatengesi: Muna 2024, vatengesi vakaunganidza zvinhu zvakawanda, vachideredza masheya epachiteshi chengarava kubva pamamiriyoni maviri ematani muna 2023 kusvika pa800,000 matani, zvichiita kuti pave nekushomeka kwenhema.
- Kuvimba nekutenga zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika: China yakatenga coke ine sarufa yakawanda kubva kuRussia neVenezuela, ichishandisa nzira dzekubvisa sarufa kuti ideredze kumanikidzwa kwezvigadzirwa, kunyange hazvo mitengo yakakwira ne5%.
- Kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye Zvipingamupinyi zvekutengeserana
- Mitemo yekuAmerica yekutumira graphite kuChina: Yakamanikidza makambani eChina anode kuti ashandise coke yepetroleum yemuno, zvichiwedzera kumanikidzwa kwezvinodiwa mukati.
- Kutapurirana kwemitengo yemafuta asina kuchena: Muna 2024, mitengo yemafuta epasi rose yakasvika pamadhora zana nemakumi maviri ($120) pabhareri, zvichideredza mwero wemafuta ekuchenesa uye zvakaita kuti vagadziri vemafuta vaderedze kugadzirwa, zvikawedzera kushomeka kwemafuta epetroleum coke.
III. Mitemo neMitemo yezvakatipoteredza: Kukwira kwemitengo uye Kutsiva tekinoroji
- Mitemo Yakakomba Yezvakatipoteredza
- Kuwedzera kwekudiwa kwecoke ine sarufa shoma: Coke ine sarufa shoma (yakakora pasi pe0.5%) yakaona kudiwa kwakanyanya kupfuura coke ine sarufa yakawanda nekuda kwekutevedzera mitemo yezvakatipoteredza, zvichiwedzera musiyano wemitengo.
- Mari dzekugadzira dzakakwira: Kukwira kwemitengo yekutevedzera mitemo yezvakatipoteredza kune vagadziri vemafuta ecoke kwakaita kuti mitengo ikwire.
- Dambudziko reKutsiva Tekinoroji
- Kukwira kwema anode akavakirwa pasilicon: Kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwemabhatiri eTesla anosvika 4680 ane anode dzesilicon-carbon kwakawedzera huwandu hwesimba ne20%. Mitengo yakakwira yecoke yepetroleum inogona kukurumidzisa maitiro aya ekutsiva.
- Kudzoka kwegirafiti yechisikigo: Grafiti yechisikigo yakagadziridzwa pamusoro (semuenzaniso, nano-silicon carbide coatings) yakawana hupenyu hwenguva inodarika 2,000 cycles pamutengo wakaderera ne30% pane graphite yakagadzirwa, zvichitsiva kudiwa kwepetroleum coke.
IV. Manzwiro eMusika uye Kufungidzira Kwemari
- Kuparara kweNzira dzeKutumira Mitengo
- Kudzikira kwemitengo: Makambani makuru emabhatiri e lithium ekuChina akakumbira kudzikiswa kwemitengo yezvinhu zve anode ne15%, zvichideredza mari inowanikwa nevagadziri ve petroleum coke kubva pa35% kusvika pa8%.
- Nguva dzekubhadhara dzakareba: Nguva dzekubhadhara dzinowedzerwa kubva pamazuva makumi mapfumbamwe kusvika zana nemakumi masere, zvichiwedzera njodzi dzemari kumakambani madiki nepakati.
- Kukwanisa Kubudirira uye Kubatanidzwa Kwemaindasitiri
- Kuwanda kwemakambani pamusika: CR5 (makambani mashanu epamusoro) yakaona migove yemusika ichikwira kubva pa70% kusvika pa85%, makambani ekupedzisira achibuda akawanda.
- Makwikwi epasi rose: Makambani ekuJapan neSouth Korea (semuenzaniso, POSCO Chemical) akakurumidzisa kutenga makambani echipiri ekuChina kuti awane mugove wemusika wasara.
V. Maonero Eramangwana: Kuenzana Kwezvinodiwa Nekugoverwa Kwezvinhu uye Kukwira Kwemitengo
- Kudzvinyirirwa Kuderera
- 2H 2025: Kugona kutsva kwekunatsa muMiddle East neIndia kunotarisirwa kuderedza musiyano wekusawanikwa kwecoke ine sulfur shoma kusvika pa5%.
- Njodzi Dzakasiyana
- Oiri isina kuchena inodarika USD 150/bhareri: Kushandiswa kwakaderera kwemafuta ekuchenesa mafuta kwenguva refu kunogona kukonzera mitengo yemafuta epetroleum coke kusvika paRMB 8,000/tani.
- Kuchinja kweTekinoroji
- Grafiti yakagadzirwa: Mugove wemusika uchadzikira kubva pa80% kusvika pa60%, zvichiramba zviri nzira huru.
- Graphite yechisikigo: Mugove uchakwira kubva pa15% kusvika pa25%, zvichibatsira pakushandisa mari.
- Kabhoni yakasimba nesilicon: Kugovaniswa kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe kuchawedzera kubva pa5% kusvika pa15%, zvichivhura chikamu chechipiri chekukura.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-16-2025