Ndezvipi zvinonyanya kushandiswa kwesimba uye kukanganisa nharaunda mukugadzirwa kwe graphitized petroleum coke?

Kuongororwa kweMashandisirwo Esimba Guru uye Kukanganisa Kwaro Mukugadzirwa kweGraphitized Petroleum Coke

I. Maitiro Makuru Ekushandisa Simba

  1. Kurapa kweGraphitization yeTembiricha Yakakwirira
    Kugadzira girafiti (graphization) ndiyo nzira huru, inoda kuti tembiricha dzisvike 2,800–3,000°C kuti kushandura kabhoni isiri girafiti mupetroleum coke kuita chimiro chekristaro chegirafiti. Danho iri rinoda simba rakawanda, uye maovheni echinyakare eAcheson anoshandisa 6,000–8,000 kWh patani yemagetsi. Maovheni matsva anotenderera anoderedza izvi kusvika 3,000–4,000 kWh patani, kunyange hazvo mari yesimba ichiri 50%–60% yemari yese yekugadzira.
  2. Kupisa Kwenguva Refu Uye Kutonhodza
    Maitiro echinyakare anotora mazuva mashanu kusvika manomwe pachikamu chimwe nechimwe, nepo maovheni matsva achipfupisa izvi kusvika maawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika makumi mana nemasere. Zvisinei, kutonhora kuchiri kuda maawa mazana mana nemakumi masere ekutonhodza kwemhepo isina kugadzikana. Kutanga maovheni kakawanda uye kudzimwa kunotungamira mukurasikirwa kwesimba rekupisa, zvichiwedzera kushandiswa kwesimba.
  3. Kushandiswa kweSimba muMaitiro Ekubatsira
    • Kupwanya uye Kukuya: Petroleum coke inofanira kupwanywa kusvika pahukuru hwe10–20 mm, kukuya kuchidya simba guru remagetsi.
    • Kuchenesa (Kusuka Asidhi): Mishonga inoshandiswa kubvisa tsvina, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zviome pasina kushandisa magetsi zvakananga.
    • Dziviriro yeGasi: Magasi asina simba akadai seargon kana nitrogen anoramba achipihwa kudzivirira oxidation, zvichireva kuti michina inopa gasi inoramba ichishanda.

II. Kuongorora Kukanganiswa Kwezvakatipoteredza

  1. Kuburitsa Gasi Rakaora
    • Danho reKupisa Kwakaderera (Kupisa Kwemukamuri–1,200°C): Calcium oxide (CaO) iri muchinhu chinozadza (calcined petroleum coke) inopindirana nekabhoni kuti ibudise kabhoni monoxide (CO2), ukuwo kuora kwekupisa kuchiburitsa methane (CH₄) nedzimwe hydrocarbon emissions.
    • Danho reKupisa Kwakanyanya (1,200–2,800°C): Sarufa, dota, uye zvinhu zvinoputika zvinoora, zvichiburitsa zvinhu zvidiki uye sarufa dioxide (SO₂). Pasina kurapwa kwakanaka, kuburitswa kweSO₂ kunowedzera kunaya kweasidhi, ukuwo zvinhu zvidiki zvichideredza kunaka kwemhepo.
    • Matanho Ekuderedza Dambudziko: Musanganiswa wezviparadzanisa dutu remadutu, zvikwekwe zvealkaline zvine matanho matatu, uye mafirita ekuchengetedza mabhegi zvinoita kuti utsi hwakagadziriswa husvike padanho repamutemo.
  2. Mvura Yakasviba uye Marara Akasimba
    • Mvura Yakasviba: Kusuka neasidhi kunogadzira mvura yakasviba ine asidhi inoda kunyungudika, nepo mvura inotonhodza michina iine zvinhu zvinosvibisa mafuta zvinoda kupatsanurwa nekudzoserwa.
    • Marara Akaoma: Zvinhu zvinozadza zvakavharirwa zvisina kusimba zvinoiswa mumabhegi kuti zvitengeswe kana kuraswa mumarara, zvichikonzera njodzi yekusvibiswa kwevhu kana zvikasabatwa zvakanaka.
  3. Kusvibiswa kweguruva
    Guruva rinogadzirwa panguva yekupwanya, kuongorora, uye kuchenesa chitofu. Pasina masisitimu ekuunganidza akavharirwa, zvinoisa hutano hwevashandi panjodzi uye zvinosvibisa nharaunda.
    Matanho Ekudzivirira: Guruva rinobatwa uchishandisa macrane ekusveta, mahood, uye mafirita ebaghouse risati raburitswa kuburikidza nemaburi eutsi.
  4. Kushandiswa Kwezviwanikwa uye Kuburitswa Kwemhepo Inobva Mumhepo
    • Zviwanikwa zveMvura: Mvura yakawanda inoshandiswa pakutonhodza nekuchenesa, zvichiwedzera kushaikwa kwemvura munzvimbo dzakaoma.
    • Maumbirwo Esimba: Kuvimba nemagetsi anobva mumafuta ekare kunotungamira mukuburitswa kweCO₂. Semuenzaniso, kugadzira tani imwe yemaelectrode egraphite kunodya matani 1.17 emarasha akajairwa, zvichiita kuti carbon footprints iwedzere zvisina kunanga.

III. Maitiro Ekubatsira Maindasitiri

  1. Kuvandudzwa kweTekinoroji
    • Kurudzira maovheni matsva anotenderera anoenderera mberi kuti apfupise madenderedzwa uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba (kushandiswa kwemagetsi kunoderera kusvika 3,500 kWh patani).
    • Shandisa tekinoroji ye microwave graphitization yekudziisa nekukurumidza (
  2. Kutungamirirwa Kwezvakatipoteredza
    • Kurapa Gasi Remarara: Kubvisa hutsi hwemoto patembiricha yakaderera uye kushandisa muunganidzwa wakavharirwa pamwe nekuchenesa zvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana patembiricha yakakwirira.
    • Kudzokorodza Mvura Yakasviba: Shandisa nzira dzekushandisazve mvura kuti uderedze kunwa mvura yakachena.
    • Kusimbisa Marara Akaoma: Shandisazve zvinhu zvisina mwero zvekuzadza sezvishandiso zvekugadzirisa marara esimbi.
  3. Mutemo uye Kubatana Kwemaindasitiri
    • Tevedzera mitemo yakaita seMutemo weKudzivirira nekudzora Kusvibiswa kweMhepouyeMutemo weKudzivirira nekudzora Kusvibiswa kweMvurakusimbisa mitemo yakasimba yekuburitsa utsi.
    • Kurudzirai mapurojekiti ekugadzira zvinhu zveanode zvakabatana nekuvaka kugona kwekugadzira graphitization mukati meimba kuderedza kuvimba nevatengesi vekunze uye kuderedza kusvibiswa kunokonzerwa nekufambisa.

IV. Mhedziso

Kugadzirwa kwe graphitized petroleum coke inzira inoda simba rakawanda uye inosvibisa, nekushandiswa kwesimba kwakatarisana ne graphitization yepamusoro-soro uye kukanganisa nharaunda kunosanganisira gasi, mvura, marara akaomarara, uye kusvibiswa kweguruva. ​​Indasitiri iyi iri kuderedza mhedzisiro iyi kuburikidza nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji (semuenzaniso, maovheni anoenderera mberi, kupisa kwema microwave), kutonga nharaunda (kuchenesa kwezvikamu zvakawanda, kudzokorodza zviwanikwa), uye kurongeka kwemitemo (mitemo ye emission, kugadzirwa kwakabatanidzwa). Zvisinei, kugadziriswa kwenguva refu kwesimba—sekubatanidza magetsi anogona kushandiswazve—kuchiri kukosha kuti pave nebudiriro inoenderera mberi.

Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-05-2025