Zvinhu zvitsva zve graphite electrode zvakawana kuvandudzwa kukuru muhunhu hwemakanika, hunhu hwekupisa, kugadzikana kwemakemikari, uye kugona kushandiswa. Zvichimiririrwa ne carbon fiber-reinforced graphite uye isostatic graphite, kubudirira kwavo kukuru uye kukosha kwekushandiswa ndeizvi:
I. Graphite Yakasimbiswa neCarbon Fiber: Kuvandudzwa Kwekuchinja muZvinhu zveMichina
1. Simba uye Kukwira kweModulus
Nekuisa huwandu hushoma hwe graphene (0.075 wt%) mu PAN carbon fibers, simba rayo rekudhonza rinosvika 1916 MPa, uye Young's modulus inosvika 233 GPa, zvichireva kuwedzera kwe225% ne184%, zvichiteerana, zvichienzaniswa ne PAN carbon fibers yakachena. Kubudirira uku kunobva mukugadziriswa kwe graphene kwe carbon fiber microstructure:
- Kuderera kwehuremu hwemukati: Kuwedzerwa kwegraphene kunoderedza zvikuru saizi yemaburi emukati nemaburi mukati mefibers, zvichiita kuti pave nekubvisa ma axial micropores pahuwandu hwakanyanya (0.1 wt%), nokudaro zvichideredza nzvimbo dzekushushikana.
- Maumbirwo egrafiti akarongwa: Raman spectroscopy inoratidza kuti ma nanosheets egrafiti akakomberedzwa neumbirwo hwegrafiti hwakaumbwa panguva yePAN carbonization, zvichikonzera kuti graphite lattice yakakwana ive isina zvikanganiso zvakawanda uye crystal orientation iri nani.
2. Maitiro Akawedzerwa Ekushandisa
- Mudenga: Zvinhu zvakagadzirwa negrafiti zvakasimbiswa nekabhoni, zvine huwandu hwe60% chete hwealuminium alloy uye kugona kuumbwa sechinhu chimwe chete (zvichideredza kushandiswa kwezvisungo), zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvemaumbirwo endege (semuenzaniso, 50% yekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa muBoeing B-787), mitumbi yemotokari dzinotanga, uye zvikamu zvesatellite.
- Kugadzira zvinhu zvepamusoro-soro: Kusakwanisa kwavo kubvisa zvinhu kunoita kuti zvive zvakakosha pakushandisa ma nozzles einjini dzeroketi, ma nucleus reactor core, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakaoma.
II. Isostatic Graphite: Kubudirira Kwakazara Munzvimbo Dzakawanda
1. Zvimiro zveMichina: Simbi dzechinyakare dzinopfuura
- Simba guru uye isotropy: Kuburikidza nekudzvanya kwe isostatic, simba rayo rekudhonza rinodarika 1000 MPa (rinopfuura simbi dzakajairika), ine chiyero che isotropy che1.0–1.1, zvichibvisa zvikanganiso zve anisotropic zve graphite yakajairika.
- Kuwanda kwesimba uye kuramba kupfeka: Nekuwanda kwesimba re1.95 g/cm³, simba reflexural rinodarika 80 MPa, uye simba rekudzvanya rinotangira pa200–260 MPa, yakakodzera kugadzira mabhureki, ma seal, uye mabheyaringi ane simba repamusoro.
2. Zvimiro zveThermal: Kugadzikana Mumamiriro Ekunze Akanyanya
- Kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya uye kuramba kupisa: Mumhepo isina kusimba, simba rayo remakanika rinosvika pa2500°C, nepo kunyunguduka kwe3650°C uye pokubikira kwe4827°C. Kuwanda kwayo kushoma kwekuwedzera kwekupisa kunoderedza kuchinja kwehukuru, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera maelectrode ekupisa eroketi, ma nozzles, nezvimwe zvikamu zvekupisa kwakanyanya.
- Kufambisa kwekupisa kwakanyanya: Kufambisa kwayo kwakanaka kunoita kuti kupisa kuparare nekukurumidza, zvichiwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwemidziyo, senge muzvikamu zveCZ-type single-crystal direct-pull furnace thermal field (crucibles, heaters).
3. Kugadzikana kweMakemikari: Kuramba Kuora uye Kuramba Kuoxidation
Inoramba yakasimba mune zvine acid yakasimba, alkalis, uye organic solvents, ichidzivirira kukurwa kubva kusimbi dzakanyungudutswa negirazi, zvichiita kuti ikodzere kushandiswa mumidziyo yemakemikari, zvivako zvenucleus reactor, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinoparadza.
4. Kugona Kugadziriswa: Kuchinjika uye Kunyatsorongeka
Inogona kugadzirwa muchina chero upi zvawo kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira zvakaoma, zvakaita semaelectrode ekugadzira magetsi uye ma graphite molds ekugadzira simbi nguva dzose.
III. Kubudirira kweindasitiri uye nzira dzeramangwana dzezvinhu zvitsva zveGraphite Electrode
1. Kufambira Mberi Kwemaindasitiri
- Isostatic graphite: Mugove wayo wepasi rose uri kuramba uchikwira, nekuwedzera kwesimba muIndonesia neMorocco zvichiwedzera kusimbisa chinzvimbo chayo muindasitiri.
- Graphite yakasimbiswa nefiber yekabhoni: Yakagamuchirwa zvinobudirira nevatengi vemabhatiri vepasi rose vanotungamira uye iri kutungamira mukuvandudzwa kwechiyero chekutanga chepasi rose,Tsanangudzo Yakadzama Isina Chinhu Chekushandisa Nano-Silicon Anode Zvinhu zveLithium-Ion Mabhatiri.
2. Kubudirira Kwetekinoroji Remangwana
- Kugadzirisa zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa: Kuderedza saizi yezvikamu zvakasanganiswa (semuenzaniso, kuburikidza nekuchinja kweupfu hwecoke kusvika 2–5 μm) kuti pave nekuvandudzwa kwehunhu hwemakanika.
- Kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekuisa girafiti: Tekinoroji yekuisa girafiti mu microwave inoderedza kushandiswa kwesimba ne30% uye inopfupisa kutenderera kwekugadzira, zvichiita kuti kushandiswa kukuru kuve nyore.
- Kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva: Semuenzaniso, ma "dual-gradient graphite anodes" anokwanisa kuchaja nekukurumidza kwemaminitsi matanhatu, 60% ukuwo achichengetedza simba re ≥230 Wh/kg kuburikidza nekugoverwa kwe "dual gradient" kwehukuru hwe "particle" uye "porosity".
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-31-2025