Cnooc (Qingdao) Heavy Oil Processing Engineering Technology Research Center Co., LTD
Tekinoroji Yekugadzirisa Midziyo, Chinyorwa 32, 2021
Pfupiso: Kuenderera mberi kwesainzi netekinoroji yeChina kwakasimudzira kukura kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvenzanga. Panguva imwe chete, kwakasimudzirawo simba redu rehupfumi uye simba renyika yese. Sechikamu chakakosha chemaitiro ekugadzira simbi, needle coke inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira ma electrodes e graphite. Inoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zve lithium battery, pamwe neindasitiri yesimba renyukireya neminda yendege. Nekusimudzirwa kwesainzi netekinoroji, kugadziriswa nekugadziriswa kwetekinoroji yekugadzira simbi yemagetsi yakasimudzirwa, uye mwero unoenderana nezvinodiwa zve needle coke mukutsvaga nekugadzira uye maitiro ekugadzira zvagara zvichigadziriswa, kuitira kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa zvekusimudzira kugadzirwa kwevanhu. Nekuda kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa mukugadzirwa, needle coke yakakamurwa kuita petroleum series uye coal series. Zvichienderana nemhedzisiro chaiyo yekushandisa, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti petroleum series needle coke ine basa rakasimba remakemikari kupfuura coal series. Mupepa rino, tinodzidza mamiriro aripo pamusika wekutsvaga netsvimbo dzepeturu pamwe nematambudziko ari mukutsvaga nekugadzira tekinoroji yakakodzera, uye tinoongorora matambudziko ari mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu pamwe nematambudziko ehunyanzvi ane chekuita nekutsvaga netsvimbo dzepeturu.
I. Nhanganyaya
Needle coke inoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwe graphite electrode. Kubva pamamiriro ezvinhu aripo pari zvino, nyika dzekunze dzakabudirira dzakadai seUnited States neJapan dzakatanga kare mukutsvaga nekugadzira nekugadzira needle coke, uye kushandiswa kwetekinoroji dzakakodzera kwave kuri kukuru, uye dzave nehunyanzvi mukugadzira tekinoroji huru yepetroleum needle coke. Kana tichienzanisa, kutsvaga nekugadzira netsono mumafuta kunotanga kunonoka. Asi nekukura kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi kwehupfumi hwedu hwemusika, kusimudzira kukura kwakakwana kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeindasitiri, kutsvaga nekugadzira netsono mumafuta kwakabudirira mumakore achangopfuura, zvichizadzisa kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri. Nekudaro, kuchine misiyano mumhando uye mhedzisiro yekushandiswa zvichienzaniswa nezvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Saka, zvakakosha kujekesa mamiriro aripo ekukura kwemusika uye matambudziko ehunyanzvi muhurongwa hwepetroleum.
II. Nhanganyaya uye kuongororwa kwekushandiswa kwetekinoroji yepetroleum needle coke
(1) Kuongororwa kwemamiriro aripo pari zvino ekugadzirwa kwepetroleum needle coke munyika nekune dzimwe nyika
Tekinoroji yemafuta epetroleum needle coke yakatanga muUnited States kuma1950. Asi nyika yedu yakavhurwa zviri pamutemo.
Tsvagiridzo pamusoro petekinoroji uye kugadzirwa kwepetroleum needling coke yakatanga kutanga kwema1980. Zvichitsigirwa nemutemo wenyika pamusoro pekutsvagisa nekuvandudza tekinoroji, masangano ekutsvagisa ekuChina akatanga kuita bvunzo dzakasiyana-siyana papetroleum needling coke uye kugara achiongorora nekutsvagisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuyedza. Pamusoro pezvo, muma1990, nyika yedu yakapedza tsvagiridzo yakawanda yekuyedza pakugadzirira sisitimu yepetroleum inotarisa kune tsono, uye yakanyorera tekinoroji yakakodzera yepatenti. Mumakore achangopfuura, nerutsigiro rwemitemo yenyika yakakodzera, mazhinji eAcademy of Sciences emuno nemabhizinesi ane hukama nawo akaisa mari mukutsvaga nekusimudzira uye akasimudzira kuvandudzwa kwekugadzirwa nekugadzira mukati meindasitiri. Huwandu hwekutsvagisa nekusimudzira tekinoroji yepetroleum needle-coke huri kuramba huchivandudzika. Chikonzero chikuru chechiitiko ichi ndechekuti kune kudiwa kukuru kwepetroleum needle-coke. Nekudaro, kutsvagisa nekusimudzira kwemuno nekugadzira hazvigone kusangana nezvinodiwa nemusika, chikamu chikuru chemusika wemuno chinogarwa nezvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Tichifunga nezvemamiriro aripo pari zvino ebudiriro, kunyangwe kutarisisa kuri kuita tsvakiridzo nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji inotarisa peturu nesimbi uye kugadzira kuri kuwedzera, maererano nedanho retsvakiridzo nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, kune zvimwe zvinetso zvinoita kuti tsvakiridzo nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji zvive zvipingamupinyi, izvo zvinotungamira kumusiyano mukuru pakati penyika yedu nenyika dzakabudirira.
(2) Kuongorora mashandisirwo ehunyanzvi hwemakambani emuno anogadzira coke yepetroleum needle
Zvichibva pakuongororwa kwemhando yezvigadzirwa zvemuno nekunze kwenyika uye mhedzisiro yekushandiswa, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti musiyano uripo pakati pavo mumhando yepetroleum needle coke unonyanya kukonzerwa nemusiyano uripo muzvikamu zviviri zve thermal expansion coefficient uye particle size distribution, izvo zvinoratidza musiyano wemhando yezvigadzirwa [1]. Musiyano uyu wemhando unonyanya kukonzerwa nematambudziko ekugadzira mukugadzirwa. Pamwe chete nemaitiro chaiwo ekugadzira uye huwandu hwe petroleum needle coke, tekinoroji yayo huru yekugadzira inonyanya kuve yezinga rekugadzirisa zvinhu zvakagadziriswa. Parizvino, Shanxi Hongte Chemical Co., LTD., Sinosteel (Anshan) neJinzhou Petrochemical chete ndivo vakagadzira zvakawanda. Kusiyana neizvi, Jinzhou Petrochemical Company's production and manufacturing system ye petroleum needle coke yakakura, kugona kwekugadzirisa kwemuchina kunoramba kuchivandudzwa, uye zvigadzirwa zvine chekuita nazvo zvinogona kusvika padanho repakati nepamusoro mumusika, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa kuma electrodes ekugadzira simbi ane simba guru kana ultra-high-power.
III. Kuongororwa kwemusika wepetroleum needle coke wemuno
(1) Nekukurumidza kwekukura kwemaindasitiri, kudiwa kwe needle coke kuri kuwedzera zuva nezuva
Nyika yedu ndiyo nyika huru inogadzira maindasitiri pasi rose, iyo inonyanya kusarudzwa nemaitiro ekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri edu.
Kugadzirwa kwesimbi nesimbi ndeimwe yeindasitiri dzakakosha mukusimudzira hupfumi hwedu. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, kudiwa kwesimbi kuri kuwedzera zuva nezuva. Asi parizvino, tsvakiridzo yedu yehunyanzvi uye nhanho yebudiriro uye kugona kwedu kugadzira hazvienderane nezvinodiwa nemusika. Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti kune makambani mashoma anotarisa peturu anogona kugadzira mwero wemhando yepamusoro, uye kugona kwekugadzira hakuna kugadzikana. Kunyangwe basa rekutsvagisa tekinoroji rakakodzera riri kufambira mberi parizvino, asi vanoda kusangana nemagetsi ane simba guru kana ultra high power graphite electrode uye pane musiyano mukuru, izvo zvinotungamira kune zvipingamupinyi mukudzora mhando yezvigadzirwa zvinotarisa peturu. Parizvino, musika wesimbi unoyera coke wakakamurwa kuita peturu ine needle-measure coke uye coale needle-measure coke. Kusiyana neizvi, peturu ine needle-measure coke yakaderera zvishoma pane coale needle-measure coke kungave muhuwandu hwebudiriro yepurojekiti kana nhanho yebudiriro, inovawo chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekutadzisa kuwedzera kunobudirira kwepeturu yepeturu yeChina ine needle-measure coke. Asi pamwe nekuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi kwedanho retekinoroji yekugadzira simbi, kugadzirwa kwesimbi uye kudiwa kwekugadzira kwe ultra-high power graphite electrode kuri kuwedzera. Izvi zvinoratidzawo kuti nekuvandudzika kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi kwekukura kwemaindasitiri edu uye kukurumidza kwemaitiro ekugadzira maindasitiri, kudiwa kwe needle coke kuchawedzera.
(2) Kuongororwa kwemutengo unoyangarara wemusika we needle coke
Zvichienderana nekukura kuri kuita maindasitiri uye kugadziriswa kwemagadzirirwo emaindasitiri uye huwandu hwemaindasitiri munyika yedu, zvakaonekwa kuti mafuta epeturu akakodzera nyika yedu kupfuura marasha, izvo zvichawedzera kusawirirana pakati pekuwanikwa uye kudiwa kwemafuta epeturu, kuitira kugadzirisa kusawirirana pakati pekuwanikwa uye kudiwa kwemafuta epeturu, tinogona kungovimba nezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Kubva pakuongorora kuchinja kwemitengo yezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika mumakore achangopfuura, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvepeturu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika wave uchikwira kubva muna 2014. Saka, kumaindasitiri emuno, nekuwedzera kwemuganho wezvinhu zvinotengeswa uye kukwira kwemutengo wekutengeswa kunze kwenyika, mafuta epeturu achava nzvimbo itsva yekudyara muindasitiri yeChina ye needle coke [2].
Chechina, ongororo yedu yekuongorora matambudziko ekugadzira nekugadzira tsono dzemafuta
(1) Kuongororwa kwematambudziko ekugadzirisa zvinhu zvisati zvagadzirwa
Kuburikidza nekuongorora maitiro ese ekugadzira nekugadzira petroleum needle-coke, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti, pakugadzirisa zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, petroleum ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa, nekuda kwehunhu hwezviwanikwa zvepetroleum, mafuta asina kugadzirwa anofanira kucherwa pasi pevhu, uye mafuta asina kugadzirwa epetroleum munyika medu achashandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzeresa mukuchera nekugadzirisa, kuitira kuti pave nehuwandu hwakati hwetsvina muzvigadzirwa zvepetroleum. Nzira iyi yekurapa isati yaitwa ichaunza mhedzisiro yakaipa pakugadzirwa kwepetroleum needle coke. Pamusoro pezvo, kuumbwa kwepetroleum pachayo kunonyanya kuve aliphatic hydrocarbon, huwandu hwehydrocarbon inonhuhwirira hwakaderera, izvo zvinokonzerwa nehunhu hwezviwanikwa zvepetroleum zviripo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kugadzirwa kwepetroleum needle coke yepamusoro kune zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, zvine huwandu hwakawanda hwehydrocarbon inonhuhwirira, uye zvinosarudza sarufa shoma, okisijeni, asphaltene nedzimwe petroleum sezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, zvichireva kuti huwandu hwesarufa hunenge huri pasi pe0.3%, uye huwandu hweasphaltene hunenge huri pasi pe1.0%. Zvisinei, zvichibva pakuona nekuongorora musanganiswa wekutanga, zvakaonekwa kuti mafuta mazhinji akachekwa munyika medu ndeemafuta akachekwa esulfure akawanda, uye kushaikwa kwemafuta akakodzera kugadzirwa kweneedle coke ine huwandu hwakawanda hwehydrocarbon inonhuhwirira. Zvinonetsa zvikuru kubvisa tsvina mumafuta. Panguva iyi, Jinzhou Petrochemical, iyo yakakura muR&D nekugadzira pari zvino, inoda zvinhu zvakachekwa zvakakodzera kugadzirwa kweneedle-oriented coke mukugadzirwa nekugadzirwa kwepetroleum needle-oriented coke. Kushaikwa kwezvinhu zvakachekwa uye kusagadzikana kwemhando ndeimwe yezvinhu zvikuru zvinotadzisa kugadzikana kwemhando yeneedle-oriented coke [3]. Shandong Yida New Material Co., Ltd. yakagadzira uye yakashandisa kurapwa kwekutanga kwezvinhu zvakachekwa zveyuniti yekugadzira petroleum needle coke.
Panguva imwe chete, nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzakashandiswa kubvisa tunhu twakaoma. Pamusoro pekusarudza mafuta anorema akakodzera kugadzirwa kweneedle coke, zvinhu zvinokuvadza muzvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvaibviswa zvisati zvabikwa.
(2) Kuongororwa kwematambudziko ehunyanzvi mukunonoka kwekubikwa kwecoke yepetroleum needle
Kugadzirwa kwe needle coke kwakaoma, uye pane zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pakudzora kushanduka kwekushisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kumanikidzwa kwekushanda mukugadzirisa kwacho. Ndiyo imwe yematambudziko ari mukuita kwe coke pakugadzirwa kwe needle coke kana kumanikidzwa, nguva nekupisa kwe coke zvichigona kudzorwa zvechokwadi nesainzi uye zvine musoro, kuitira kuti nguva yekuita ikwanise kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakajairwa. Panguva imwe chete, kugadzirisa zviri nani uye kugadzirisa maparamita e coke process pamwe nemiyero chaiyo yekushanda zvinogonawo kuita basa rakakosha mukugadzirisa uye kuvandudza mhando yekugadzirwa kwe needle coke yese.
Chinangwa chikuru chekushandisa chitofu chekupisa pakuchinja tembiricha ndechekuita mashandiro akajairwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa pakugadzirwa kwe needle coke kuitira kuti tembiricha yemhepo isvike pazvinodiwa. Kutaura zvazviri, maitiro ekuchinja tembiricha ndeekusimudzira maitiro ekubikisa anogona kuitwa munzvimbo inononoka uye yakaderera tembiricha uku uchinonotsa maitiro ekubikisa, kuitira kuti uwane aromatic condensation, kuve nechokwadi chekurongeka kwemamorekuru, kuve nechokwadi chekuti anogona kutungamirwa uye kusimba pasi pesimba rekumanikidzwa, uye kukurudzira kugadzikana kwemamiriro acho. Chitofu chekupisa ibasa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwese kwe petroleum needle coke, uye kune zvimwe zvinodiwa uye zviyero zvema parameter chaiwo etembiricha, asingakwanise kuva pasi pemuganho wakaderera we476℃ uye asingakwanise kudarika muganho wepamusoro we500℃. Panguva imwe chete, zvinofanirawo kucherechedzwa kuti chitofu chekupisa chinoshanduka-shanduka chine michina yakawanda uye zvivakwa, tinofanira kuteerera kufanana kwemhando yeshongwe yega yega ye needle coke: shongwe yega yega iri mukudya, nekuda kwekupisa, kumanikidzwa, kumhanya kwemhepo nezvimwe zvinhu zvinochinjwa, saka shongwe ye coke mushure me coke haina kuenzana, yepakati uye yakaderera. Maitiro ekugadzirisa zvinobudirira dambudziko rekuenzana kwemhando ye needle coke ndeimwe yematambudziko anofanirwa kufungwa nezvawo mukugadzirwa kwe needle coke.
5. Kuongororwa kwenzira yekuvandudza remangwana re petroleum needle coke
(a) Kukurudzira kuvandudzwa kwemhando yepetroleum system needle coke inogadzirwa nevanoda petroleum
Tekinoroji nemusika wekushandisa nendiro zvakanyanya zvave zvichitongwa neUnited States neJapan. Parizvino, mukugadzirwa chaiko kwe needle coke muChina, kuchine mamwe matambudziko, akadai semhando isina kugadzikana, simba shoma re coke uye poda yakawanda ye coke. Kunyangwe needle coke yakagadzirwa yakashandiswa mukugadzira ma electrode e graphite ane simba guru uye ane simba guru zvakanyanya, haigone kushandiswa mukugadzira ma electrode e graphite ane dhayamita yakakura kwazvo. Mumakore achangopfuura, tsvakiridzo yedu nekuvandudzwa kwe nendiro hazvina kumira, uye mhando yechigadzirwa icharamba ichivandudzika. Shanxi Hongte Coal Chemical Co., LTD., Sinosteel Coal measure needle coke, Jinzhou Petrochemical Co., LTD. Oil series needle coke units dzakasvika 40,000-50,000 matani pagore, uye dzinogona kumhanya zvakadzikama, dzichivandudza mhando nguva dzose.
(2) Kudiwa kwemuno kwecoke yepetroleum needle kuri kuramba kuchikura
Kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yesimbi nesimbi kunoda huwandu hwakawanda hwemaelectrode ane simba rakawanda uye maelectrode ane simba rakawanda. Munyaya iyi, kudiwa kwe needle coke yekugadzirwa kwe electrode ine simba rakawanda uye maelectrode ane simba rakawanda kuri kukura nekukurumidza, kunofungidzirwa kuti kunosvika matani 250,000 pagore. Kubuda kwesimbi yemagetsi muChina kuri pasi pe10%, uye avhareji yepasi rose yekubudisa simbi yemagetsi mu furnace yasvika 30%. Zvimedu zvedu zvesimbi zvasvika matani mamiriyoni zana nemakumi matanhatu. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu aripo parizvino, kuvandudzwa kwesimbi yemagetsi mu furnace hakudzivisiki, kushomeka kwe needle coke hakudzivisiki. Saka, matanho anofanirwa kutorwa ekuwedzera kunobva zvinhu uye kuvandudza nzira yekugadzira kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira.
(3) Kuwedzera kwekudiwa kwemusika kunokurudzira kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yeR&D yemuno
Kusiyana kwehunhu uye kuwedzera kwekudiwa kwechinhu chinopiswa netsaona zvinoda kukurumidzisa kukura kwechinhu chinopiswa netsaona. Munguva yekugadzirwa nekugadzirwa kwechinhu chinopiswa netsaona, vaongorori vave kuziva zvakanyanya nezvematambudziko aripo mukugadzirwa kwechinhu chinopiswa netsaona, kuwedzera kuedza kwekutsvaga, uye kuvaka nzvimbo diki dzekuedza kuti vawane ruzivo rwekuyedza kutungamira kugadzirwa. Tekinoroji yekugadzirisa chinhu chinopiswa netsaona iri kuramba ichivandudzwa kuti isangane nekudiwa kuri kukura. Kubva pamaonero ezvinhu zvakagadzirwa uye nzira dzekugadzira, kushomeka kwemafuta pasi rose uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwesarufa zvinotadzisa kukura kwechinhu chinopiswa netsaona. Nzvimbo itsva yekugadzira zvinhu zvakagadzirwa netsaona yemafuta yakagadzirwa kare yakavakwa uye yatanga kushanda muShandong Yida New Material Co., LTD., uye chinhu chakanaka kwazvo chakagadzirwa netsaona yemafuta yakagadzirwa kare, izvo zvichavandudza kunaka uye kubuda kwechinhu chinopiswa netsaona yemafuta.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-07-2022