Cnooc (Qingdao) Kugadzira Oiri Inorema Injiniya Technology Research Center Co., LTD
Equipment Maintenance Technology, Chinyorwa 32, 2021
Abstract: Kuenderera mberi kwekusimudzira kweChinese sainzi uye tekinoroji kwakasimudzira budiriro yezvikamu zvakasiyana nzanga. Panguva imwe cheteyo, zvakawedzerawo zvinobudirira simba redu rehupfumi uye simba rose renyika. Sechikamu chakakosha chedunhu rekugadzira simbi, iyo tsono coke inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwe graphite electrodes. Inobata basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwe lithium bhatiri zvigadzirwa, pamwe neindasitiri yemagetsi enyukireya uye minda yendege. Nekusimudzirwa kwemashure esainzi uye tekinoroji, iyo inoenderera mberi optimization uye kuvandudzwa kwesimbi yemagetsi tekinoroji yakasimudzirwa, uye zviyero zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvetsono coke mukutsvagisa nekusimudzira uye kugadzira kwagara kuchivandudzwa, kuitira kuti kuenderana nezvinodiwa zvekusimudzira kugadzirwa kwevanhu. Nekuda kwezvakasiyana zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira, tsono coke yakakamurwa kuita petroleum akatevedzana uye marasha akateedzana. Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yekushandisa, zvinogona kuoneka kuti petroleum yakatevedzana tsono coke ine yakasimba kemikari kuita kupfuura marasha akateedzana. Mubepa rino, tinodzidza mamiriro azvino emusika wepetroleum tsono-yakatarisana uye matambudziko ari mukutsvagisa nekugadzira maitiro ehunyanzvi tekinoroji, uye kuongorora kuomerwa mukusimudzira kugadzirwa uye zvine hukama nehunyanzvi hwekunetsa kwepetroleum tsono-yakatarisana.
I. Nhanganyaya
Tsono coke inoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwe graphite electrode. Kubva pamamiriro azvino ebudiriro, nyika dzakasimukira dzekunze dzakaita seUnited States neJapan dzakatanga kare mukutsvagisa nekusimudzira nekugadzirwa kwetsono coke, uye mashandisirwo etekinoroji akakodzera anga ave akakura, uye vakaziva hunyanzvi hwekugadzira tekinoroji. petroleum tsono coke. Mukuenzanisa, tsvakiridzo yakazvimirira uye kugadzirwa kwetsono muoiri inotarisa kunotanga kunonoka. Asi nekuenderera mberi kwekusimudzira hupfumi hwemusika wedu, kusimudzira kuwedzera kwakazara kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeindasitiri, kutsvagisa uye kusimudzira tsono mukutarisa kweoiri kwaita pundutso mumakore achangopfuura, nekuona kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri. Zvisinei, kuchine zvimwe zvipingamupinyi muhutano uye kushandiswa kwemaitiro kana zvichienzaniswa nezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kujekesa ikozvino misika yekusimudzira mamiriro uye matambudziko ehutano mu petroleum system.
Ii. Nhanganyaya uye kuongororwa kwekushandiswa kwepetroleum tsono coke tekinoroji
(1) Ongororo yemamiriro azvino ekusimudzira petroleum tsono coke kumba nekune dzimwe nyika
Petroleum tsono coke tekinoroji yakatanga muUnited States kuma1950s. Asi nyika yedu yakavhurwa zviri pamutemo
Tsvagiridzo pane tekinoroji uye kugadzira petroleum inoda coke yakatanga mukutanga ma1980s. Pasi perutsigiro rwegwaro renyika rekutsvaga nekusimudzira tekinoroji, masangano ekutsvagisa eChinese akatanga kuita bvunzo dzakasiyana siyana papetroleum inoda coke uye kugara vachiongorora nekutsvagisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekuedza. Uye zvakare, muma1990s, nyika yedu yakapedza yakawanda yekuyedza tsvakiridzo pakugadzirira kwetsono-yakatarisana nepetroleum system, uye yakanyorera tekinoroji yakakodzera patent. Mumakore achangopfuura, nerutsigiro rwemitemo yenyika, mazhinji epamba Academy yeSainzi uye mabhizinesi ane hukama akaisa mari mukutsvagisa nekusimudzira uye akakurudzira budiriro yekugadzira nekugadzira mukati meindasitiri. Iyo yekutsvagisa uye yekusimudzira nhanho yepetroleum tsono-coke tekinoroji iri kuramba ichivandudza. Chikonzero chikuru chechiitiko ichi ndechekuti pane kudiwa kukuru kwemumba kwepetroleum tsono-coke. Nekudaro, tsvakiridzo yemumba uye kusimudzira uye kugadzira hakugone kuzadzisa kudiwa kwemusika, chikamu chikuru chemusika wepamba chinogarwa nezvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Tichitarisa mamiriro azvino ebudiriro, kunyangwe iko kutarisisa kwazvino uye kutarisisa kwepetroleum tsono-yakatarisana tekinoroji yekutsvaga nekusimudzira uye kugadzira kuri kuwedzera, maererano nedanho rekutsvagisa tekinoroji nekusimudzira, pane mamwe matambudziko anoita tsvakiridzo yetekinoroji yakakodzera. nezvimhingamipinyi zvebudiriro, zvinounza mukaha mukuru pakati penyika yedu nenyika dzakabudirira.
(2) Tekinoroji yekushandisa kuongororwa kwedzimba petroleum tsono coke mabhizinesi
Zvichienderana nekuongororwa kwemhando yezvigadzirwa zvemukati nekunze uye mashandiro echigadzirwa, zvinogona kuoneka kuti mutsauko uripo pakati pavo mumhando yepetroleum tsono coke unonyanya kukonzerwa nemusiyano mune mbiri indexes yekuwedzera kwemafuta coefficient uye particle size distribution, iyo. inoratidza musiyano wemhando yechigadzirwa [1]. Iyi gap yemhando inonyanya kukonzerwa nekunetseka kwekugadzira mukugadzira maitiro. Yakasanganiswa neiyo chaiyo yekugadzira maitiro uye nzira yemukati yepetroleum tsono coke, iyo yepakati yekugadzira tekinoroji ndeyeyekutanga nhanho yezvigadzirwa. Parizvino, chete Shanxi Hongte Chemical Co., LTD., Sinosteel (Anshan) uye Jinzhou Petrochemical ndivo vaona kugadzirwa kwakawanda. Kusiyana neizvi, Jinzhou Petrochemical Company yekugadzira uye kugadzira sisitimu yepetroleum tsono coke yatokura, kugona kugadzirisa kwechigadzirwa kunoramba kuchivandudzwa, uye zvigadzirwa zvine chekuita nazvo zvinogadzirwa zvinogona kusvika pakati nepamusoro pamusika, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa kumusoro. -simba kana ultra-high-simba simbi kugadzira electrodes.
Iii. Kuongororwa kwemusika wepasi petroleum tsono coke
(1) Nekuwedzera kwemaindasitiri, kudiwa kwetsono coke kuri kuwedzera zuva nezuva
Nyika yedu inyika hombe yekugadzira maindasitiri munyika, iyo inonyanya kusarudzwa nemaitiro emaindasitiri edu.
Kugadzirwa kwesimbi nesimbi zvakare imwe yemaindasitiri akakosha kusimudzira kusimukira kwehupfumi hwedu. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, kudiwa kwekudiwa kuri kuwedzera zuva nezuva. Asi parizvino, yedu yekutsvagisa tekinoroji uye danho rekusimudzira uye kugona kwekugadzira hazvienderane nezvinodiwa nemusika. Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti kune mashoma petroleum akatarisana netsono mabhizinesi anogona kunyatso kuburitsa mazinga emhando, uye huwandu hwekugadzira hauna kugadzikana. Kunyangwe iyo yakakodzera tekinoroji yekutsvagisa uye basa rekusimudzira riri kufambira mberi parizvino, asi kuda kusangana nesimba repamusoro kana Ultra yakakwirira simba graphite electrode uye pane gaka rakakura, rinotungamira kune zvipingamupinyi mukutonga kwemhando yepetroleum yakatarisana netsono zvigadzirwa. Parizvino, iyo tsono-chiyero coke musika wakakamurwa kuita petroleum tsono-chiyero coke uye marasha tsono-chiyero coke. Kusiyana neizvi, petroleum tsono-chiyero coke yakadzikira zvishoma pane marasha tsono-chiyero coke ingave muhuwandu hwekuvandudza chirongwa kana danho rekusimudzira, chiri zvakare chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekutadzisa kuwedzera kunobudirira kweChinese petroleum tsono-chiyero coke. Asi pamwe nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kweiyo indasitiri yekugadzira tekinoroji tekinoroji, kugadzirwa kwesimbi uye kudiwa kwekugadzira kweiyo yepamusoro-yepamusoro simba graphite electrode iri kuwedzera. Izvi zvakare zvinoratidza kuti nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwedanho redu rekusimudzira maindasitiri uye nekukasira kwekuita kwemaindasitiri, kudiwa kwetsono coke kuchawedzera uye kukuru.
(2) Ongororo yemutengo unoyangarara wemusika wetsono coke
Zvinoenderana nedanho razvino rekusimudzira maindasitiri uye kugadziridzwa kwechimiro cheindasitiri uye zvemukati maindasitiri emunyika yedu, zvinoonekwa kuti petroleum yakatevedzana yetsono-yero coking yakanakira nyika yedu kupfuura marasha akateedzana eiyo nhanho-yemupimo coking, iyo ichaita. inowedzera kuwedzera mamiriro epamba ekusaenzana pakati pekupa uye kudiwa kweiyo tsono-yero coking, kuitira kugadzirisa mamiriro ekusaenzana pakati pekupa uye kudiwa kweiyo petroleum system, tinogona kungovimba nekunze. Kubva pakuongorora kwekushanduka kwemitengo yezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika mumakore achangopfuura, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvepetroleum tsono coke uri kuwedzera kubva muna 2014. mutengo, petroleum tsono coke ichava itsva hotspot muChina tsono coke indasitiri [2].
Chechina, tsono yedu yemafuta inotarisa kutsvaga nekusimudzira uye kugadzira tekinoroji yakaoma kuongorora
(1) Ongororo yezvinonetsa zvekutanga kurapwa
Kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwemaitiro ese ekugadzirwa nekugadzirwa kwepetroleum tsono-coke, zvinogona kuoneka kuti, pakugadzirisa zvigadzirwa, peturu ndiyo yakanyanya kubikwa, nekuda kwekusiyana kwezviwanikwa zvepetroleum, mafuta asina kuchena anofanirwa kuve. inocherwa pasi pevhu, uye petroleum crude oil munyika yedu ichashandisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzeresa mukuchera nekugadzirisa, kuitira kuti pave nehumwe huwandu hwekusachena muzvigadzirwa zvepetroleum. Iyi pretreatment nzira ichaunza mhedzisiro yakaipa pakugadzirwa kwepetroleum tsono coke. Mukuwedzera, kuumbwa kwepetroleum pachayo inowanzova aliphatic hydrocarbon, zvinyorwa zve hydrocarbon inonhuhwirira zvakaderera, izvo zvinokonzerwa nemaitiro emafuta epetroleum aripo. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kugadzirwa kwemhando yepamusoro petroleum tsono coke kune zvakaomesesa zvinodikanwa zvezvakagadzirwa, zvine huwandu hwepamusoro hwezvinonhuhwirira zvehydrocarbon, uye inosarudza yakaderera sarufa, okisijeni, asphaltene uye imwe petroleum seyakagadzirwa, inoda kuti chikamu chikuru. yesarufa isingasviki 0.3%, uye chikamu chikuru cheasphaltene chiri pasi pe1.0%. Nekudaro, zvichibva pakuonekwa uye kuongororwa kwekuumbwa kwekutanga, zvinoonekwa kuti mazhinji emafuta asina kuchena anogadzirwa munyika yedu ndeeyakakwira sarufa isina mafuta, uye kushomeka kwemafuta akakodzera kugadzirwa kwetsono coke ine yakakwira inonhuwirira hydrocarbon. content. Ihwo hutano hwakanyanya kuoma kubvisa tsvina mumafuta. Zvichakadaro, Jinzhou Petrochemical, iyo yakawedzera kukura muR&D uye kugadzira parizvino, inoda zvigadzirwa zvakakodzera kugadzirwa kwetsono-yakatarisana necoke mukugadzira uye kugadzirisa petroleum yakanamirwa netsono coke. Kushaikwa kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira uye kusagadzikana kwehutano ndechimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinodzivisa kugadzikana kwehutano hwekodha-yakatarisana netsono [3]. Shandong Yida New Material Co., Ltd. yakagadzira uye yakagamuchira pretreatment yezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira chikamu che petroleum tsono coke.
Panguva imwecheteyo, nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzakagamuchirwa kuti dzibvise zvinhu zvakasimba. Mukuwedzera pakusarudza mafuta anorema akakodzera kugadzirwa kwetsono coke, zvinhu zvinokuvadza mune zvigadzirwa zvakabviswa zvisati zvabikwa.
(2) Kuongororwa kwematambudziko ehunyanzvi mukunonoka coking process ye petroleum tsono coke
Iko kushanda kwekugadzirwa kwetsono coke kwakaoma, uye kune zvakanyanya zvinodikanwa pakutonga kwekuchinja kwekushisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kushanda nesimba mune chaiyo yekugadzirisa maitiro. Ndiyo imwe yezvinetso mukubika kwekugadzirwa kwetsono coke kana kumanikidzwa, nguva uye tembiricha yecoke inogona kudzorwa zvechokwadi nesainzi uye zvine musoro, kuitira kuti nguva yekuita inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo iri nani optimization uye kugadzirisa kweiyo coking process paramita uye yakatarwa yekushanda zviyero zvinogona zvakare kuita basa rakakosha mukugadzirisa uye kunaka kwekuvandudza kweiyo tsono coke kugadzirwa.
Chinangwa chikuru chekushandisa choto chekudziya chekushandura tembiricha kuita basa rakajairwa zvinoenderana neyakajairwa mukugadzirwa kwetsono coke kuitira kuti ambient tembiricha isvike painodiwa paramita. Muchokwadi, maitiro ekuchinja kwetembiricha ndeyekusimudzira maitiro ekubika anogona kuitwa munzvimbo inononoka uye yakaderera tembiricha uchinonoka kuita kwekubika, kuitira kuti uwane inonhuhwirira condensation, simbisa kurongeka kwakarongedzerwa kwemamorekuru, kuve nechokwadi chekuti vanogona. kuve wakananga uye kusimba pasi pechiito chekumanikidza, uye kukurudzira kugadzikana kwehurumende. Choto chekupisa ibasa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwese kwepetroleum tsono coke, uye pane zvimwe zvinodiwa uye zviyero zveiyo tembiricha yemhando yeparamita, iyo isingakwanise kudzika pane yakaderera muganho we476 ℃ uye isingakwanise kudarika iyo yepamusoro muganho we500. ℃. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinofanirwawo kucherechedzwa kuti tembiricha yekushisa inoshanduka midziyo yakakura uye zvivakwa, isu tinofanirwa kutarisisa kuenzana kwemhando yeshongwe imwe neimwe yetsono coke: shongwe imwe neimwe mukudyisa, nekuda kwekupisa. , kudzvinyirirwa, kumhanya kwemhepo uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshandurwa, saka shongwe yecoke mushure mecoke haina kuenzana, yepakati uye yakaderera. Maitiro ekugadzirisa zvinobudirira dambudziko rekufanana kwemhando yetsono coke zvakare imwe yezvinetso zvinofanirwa kutariswa mukugadzirwa kwetsono coke.
5. Ongororo yeramangwana rekusimudzira kutungamira kwepetroleum tsono coke
(a) Kurudzira kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwemhando yepamba petroleum system tsono coke
Iyo tekinoroji uye musika wekutarisa tsono wakatongwa neUnited States neJapan. Parizvino, mukugadzirwa chaiko kwetsono coke muChina, kuchine mamwe matambudziko, akadai semhando isina kugadzikana, yakaderera coke simba uye yakawanda poda coke. Kunyange zvazvo yakagadzirwa tsono coke yakashandiswa mukugadzirwa kwepamusoro-simba uye ultra-high-simba graphite electrodes muhuwandu hukuru, haigoni kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwehombe-diameter ultra-high-power graphite electrodes muhuwandu hukuru. Mumakore achangopfuura, kutsvagisa kwedu uye kusimudzira kwetsono kutarisisa hakuna kumira, uye mhando yechigadzirwa icharamba ichivandudza. Shanxi Hongte Coal Chemical Co., LTD., Sinosteel Marasha anoyera tsono coke, Jinzhou Petrochemical Co., LTD. Oiri akatevedzana tsono coke mayuniti asvika 40,000-50,000 matani / gore, uye anogona kumhanya akadzikama, achigara achivandudza mhando.
(2) Kudiwa kwemba kwepetroleum tsono coke kuri kuramba kuchikura
Kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yesimbi nesimbi kunoda nhamba huru ye-ultra-high power electrodes uye high power electrodes. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, kudiwa kwetsono coke kune ekupedzisira magetsi emagetsi epamusoro uye kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi epamusoro kuri kukura nekukurumidza, kunofungidzirwa kusvika kumatani mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu ezviuru pagore. Kubuda kwesimbi yemagetsi muchoto muChina kwakaderera kupfuura 10%, uye chiyero chepasi rose chemagetsi echoto chesimbi chasvika 30%. Simbi yedu yasara yasvika mamiriyoni zana nemakumi matanhatu ematani. Maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu aripo munguva refu, kugadzirwa kwesimbi yechoto yemagetsi hakudzivisiki, kushayikwa kwetsono coke kugovera kuchave kusingadzivisiki. Naizvozvo, matanho anofanirwa kutorwa ekuwedzera kunobva zvigadzirwa uye kugadzirisa nzira yekugadzira kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira.
(3) Kuwedzera kwekudiwa kwemusika kunosimudzira kuvandudzwa kweiyo R&D tekinoroji level
Iyo gaka mumhando uye kuwedzera kwekudiwa kwetsono-kupisa kunoda kukurumidza mukuvandudza kwetsono-kupisa. Munguva yekuvandudza uye kugadzirwa kwetsono-kupisa, vaongorori vave vachiwedzera kuziva nezve kuomerwa mukugadzirwa kwetsono-kupisa, kuwedzera kuedza kwekutsvagisa, nekuvaka zvidiki uye zvivakwa zvekuyedza kuti vawane data rekuyedza kutungamira kugadzirwa. Iyo tekinoroji yekugadzirisa yetsono coke inogara ichivandudzwa kuti isangane nekukura kuri kudiwa. Kubva pamaonero ezvigadzirwa uye nzira dzekugadzira, kushomeka kwemafuta epasi rose uye kuwedzera kwesarufa zvirimo zvinotadzisa kugadzirwa kweoiri system tsono coke. Iyo nyowani nyowani yekugadziridza maindasitiri yekugadzira nzvimbo yeoiri yakatevedzana tsono coke yakavakwa uye yakaiswa mukushanda muShandong Yida New Material Co., LTD., Uye yakanakisa mbishi yemafuta akateedzana tsono coke yakagadzirwa, iyo ichanyatso kuvandudza iyo kunaka uye kubuda kwemafuta akatevedzana tsono coke.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-07-2022