Abstract:munyori anoongorora kugadzirwa kwetsono coke uye kushandiswa kwemamiriro ezvinhu munyika yedu, tarisiro yekushandiswa kwayo mugraphite electrode uye negative electrode zvinhu indasitiri tarisiro, kudzidza mafuta tsono coke budiriro matambudziko, kusanganisira zviwanikwa zviwanikwa zviri kushomeka, mhando. haina kukwira, yakareba kutenderera uye kuwandisa kwechikumbiro chekuongorora, wedzera chigadzirwa segmentation research, application, maitiro ekuita, senge zvidzidzo zvemubatanidzwa kusimudzira musika wepamusoro.
Zvinoenderana neakasiyana masosi ezvigadzirwa, tsono coke inogona kukamurwa kuita mafuta tsono coke uye marasha tsono coke.Oiri tsono coke inonyanya kugadzirwa kubva kuFCC slurry kuburikidza nekunatsa, hydrodesulfurization, kunonoka coking uye calcination.Iyo nzira yakaoma uye ine yakakwirira yehunyanzvi yemukati.Tsono coke ine hunhu hwepamusoro kabhoni, yakaderera sarufa, yakaderera nitrogen, yakaderera madota uye zvichingodaro, uye ine yakatanhamara electrochemical uye mechanical zvivakwa mushure megraphitization.Iyo imhando yeanisotropic yepamusoro-yekupedzisira kabhoni zvinhu zvine nyore graphitization.
Tsono coke inonyanya kushandiswa kune Ultra yakakwira simba graphite electrode, uye lithium ion bhatiri cathode zvinhu, se "carbon peak", "carbon neutral" zvibodzwa zvehurongwa, nyika dzinoramba dzichisimudzira simbi nesimbi uye auto indasitiri shanduko uye kusimudzira chimiro cheindasitiri. kugadzirisa uye kusimudzira kushandiswa kwesimba rekuchengetedza yakaderera kabhoni uye yakasvibira kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza tekinoroji, kusimudzira yemagetsi arc furnace steelmaking uye kukurumidza kusimudzira mota nyowani dzemagetsi, Kudiwa kweiyo mbishi tsono coke iri kukura nekukurumidza.Mune ramangwana, iyo yakadzika indasitiri yetsono coke icharamba ichibudirira zvakanyanya.Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora chimiro chekushandisa uye tarisiro yetsono coke mugraphite electrode uye anode zvinhu, uye inoisa pamberi matambudziko uye nhanho dzekusimudzira hutano hweindasitiri yetsono coke.
1. Kuongororwa kwekugadzirwa uye kuyerera kwekutungamira kwetsono coke
1.1 Kugadzirwa kwetsono coke
Kugadzirwa kwetsono coke kunonyanya kuiswa munyika shoma dzakaita seChina, United States, The United Kingdom, South Korea neJapan.Muna 2011, kugadzirwa kwepasi rose kwetsono coke kwaive kunosvika 1200kt/a, iyo yekuChina yekugadzira yaisvika 250kt/a, uye kwaingova neChina vagadziri vetsono coke.Pakazosvika 2021, maererano nehuwandu hweSinfern Information, huwandu hwepasi rose hwekugadzira tsono coke huchawedzera kusvika pa3250kt / a, uye huwandu hwekugadzira Needle coke muChina huchawedzera kusvika 2240kt / a, inoverengera 68.9% yepasi rose. kugona kwekugadzira, uye nhamba yevagadziri veChina tsono coke ichawedzera kusvika 21.
Tafura 1 inoratidza kugona kwekugadzira kwevakuru gumi vanogadzira tsono coke munyika, ine huwandu hwekugadzira huwandu hwe2130kt/a, inoverengera 65.5% yepasi rose kugadzirwa.Kubva pamaonero ekugadzirwa kwepasi rose kwemabhizinesi etsono coke, vagadziri vemafuta etsono coke vanowanzo vane chiyero chakakura, avhareji yekugadzira chirimwa chimwe chete i100 ~ 200kt/a, marasha akatevedzana tsono coke kugadzirwa kwesimba kungoita 50kT / a.
Mumakore mashoma anotevera, iyo yepasi rose tsono yekugadzira coke icharamba ichiwedzera, asi kunyanya kubva kuChina.China yakarongwa uye pasi pekuvaka tsono yekugadzira coke inokwana 430kT /a, uye iyo yekuwandisa mamiriro ari kuwedzera kuwedzera.Kunze kweChina, iyo tsono coke yakakura yakagadzikana, neRussia yeOMSK yekunatsa kuronga kuvaka 38kt/a tsono coke unit muna 2021.
Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza kugadzirwa kwetsono coke muChina mumakore mashanu apfuura.Sezvinoonekwa kubva kuMufananidzo 1, kugadzirwa kwetsono kuChina kwakawedzera kukura, nekukura kwegore negore kukura kwe45% mumakore mashanu.Muna 2020, iyo yakazara kugadzirwa kwetsono coke muChina yakasvika 517kT, kusanganisira 176kT yemarasha akatevedzana uye 341kT yemafuta akateedzana.
1.2 Kuunza kunze tsono coke
Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza mamiriro ekunze etsono coke muChina mumakore mashanu apfuura.Sezvinoonekwa kubva kuMufananidzo 2, kusati kwatanga COVID-19, kuwanda kwekupinza kwetsono coke muChina kwakawedzera zvakanyanya, kusvika 270kT muna 2019, rekodhi yakakwira.Muna 2020, nekuda kwemutengo wepamusoro weiyo coke yetsono inotengeswa kunze kwenyika, yakadzikira kukwikwidza, yakakura chiteshi chengarava, uye yakasimudzwa nekuenderera mberi kwedenda muEurope neUnited States, huwandu hweChina hwekupinza kwetsono coke muna 2020 hwaingova 132kt, pasi ne51%. gore negore.Zvinoenderana nenhamba, mune tsono coke yakaunzwa kunze kwenyika muna 2020, mafuta tsono coke yaive 27.5kT, pasi 82.93% gore pagore;Coal chiyero chetsono coke 104.1kt, 18.26% kupfuura gore rapfuura, chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti zvifambiso zvemugungwa zveJapan neSouth Korea hazvina kukanganiswa nedenda, chechipiri, mutengo wezvimwe zvigadzirwa kubva kuJapan neSouth Korea wakaderera pane izvo. yezvigadzirwa zvakafanana muChina, uye iyo yakadzika yekurongeka vhoriyamu yakakura.
1.3 Yekushandisa nzira yetsono coke
Tsono coke imhando yemhando yepamusoro-yekupedzisira kabhoni, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa seyakabikwa kugadzirwa kweyepamusoro-yakakwirira simba graphite electrode uye artificial graphite anode zvinhu.Iwo akanyanya kukosha materminal application minda ndeyemagetsi arc furnace steelmaking uye mabhatiri emagetsi emotokari nyowani dzesimba.
FIG.3 inoratidza maitiro ekushandiswa kwetsono coke muChina mumakore mashanu apfuura.Graphite electrode ndiyo hombe yekushandiswa kwendima, uye chiyero chekukura kwechinodikanwa chinopinda chinhanho chakati sandara, nepo negative electrode zvinhu zvichiramba zvichikura nekukurumidza.Muna 2020, kudyiwa kwetsono coke muChina (kusanganisira kushandiswa kwezvinhu) kwaive 740kT, iyo 340kT yezvinhu zvisina kunaka uye 400kt yegraphite electrode yakadyiwa, ichiverengera makumi mana neshanu muzana ekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvisina kunaka.
2.1 Kuvandudzwa kweEAF kugadzira simbi
Indasitiri yesimbi nesimbi ndiyo inogadzira zvakanyanya kuburitsa kabhoni muChina.Kune nzira mbiri huru dzekugadzira simbi nesimbi: blast furnace uye yemagetsi arc furnace.Pakati pazvo, electric arc furnace steelmaking inogona kuderedza kubudiswa kwekabhoni ne60%, uye inogona kuona kudzokororwa kwezviwanikwa zvesimbi uye kuderedza kutsamira pakupinzwa kwesimbi.Indasitiri yesimbi nesimbi yakaronga kutungamira mukuzadzisa chinangwa che "carbon peak" uye "carbon neutrality" ne 2025. Pasi pekutungamirirwa kwemutemo wenyika yesimbi nesimbi, pachava nenhamba yakawanda yemiti yesimbi inotsiva. converter uye blast furnace simbi ine electric arc furnace.
Muna 2020, China crude simbi inobuda 1054.4mt, iyo kubuda kweEAF simbi inenge 96Mt, inongotora 9.1% chete yesimbi isina kuchena, zvichienzaniswa ne18% yeavhareji yenyika, 67% yeUnited States, 39. % yeEuropean Union, uye 22% yeJapan EAF simbi, pane nzvimbo huru yekufambira mberi.Zvinoenderana negwaro re "Nhungamiro yekusimudzira yemhando yepamusoro indasitiri yeSimbi neSimbi" yakapihwa neBazi reIndasitiri uye Ruzivo rweTekinoroji muna Zvita 31, 2020, chikamu cheEAF simbi inobuda mukubuda kwesimbi isina kuchena inofanira kuwedzerwa kusvika gumi neshanu. % ~ 20% panosvika 2025. Kuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwesimbi eAF kuchawedzera zvakanyanya kudiwa kwema ultra-high power graphite electrodes.Maitiro ekusimudzira emba yemagetsi arc furnace ndeyepamusoro-kumagumo uye yakakura-chiyero, iyo inoisa kumberi kudiwa kukuru kweiyo hombe kutaurwa uye Ultra-yakakwirira simba graphite electrode.
2.2 Mamiriro ekugadzirwa kwegraphite electrode
Graphite electrode chinhu chakakosha kudyiwa kune eAF kugadzirwa kwesimbi.Mufananidzo 4 unoratidza huwandu hwekugadzira uye kubuda kwegraphite electrode muChina mumakore mashanu apfuura.Kusimba kwekugadzira graphite electrode kwakawedzera kubva pa1050kT/a muna 2016 kusvika pa2200kt/a muna 2020, nechikamu chekukura kwepagore che15.94%.Aya makore mashanu inguva yekukurumidza kukura kwe graphite electrode kugadzirwa kwesimba, uye zvakare kumhanya kutenderera kwekukurumidza kusimudzira kwegraphite electrode indasitiri.2017 isati yasvika, iyo graphite electrode indasitiri sechinyakare kugadzira indasitiri ine simba rakawanda uye kusvibiswa kwakanyanya, makuru edzimba emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi anoderedza kugadzirwa, madiki uye epakati-saizi graphite electrode mabhizinesi akatarisana nekuvharwa, uye kunyangwe mahofori epasi rese emagetsi anofanirwa kumisa kugadzirwa. tengesa uye kubuda.Muna 2017, ichikurudzirwa uye ichisundwa nemutemo wenyika wekutonga kwekumanikidza kubviswa kwe "floor bar steel", mutengo wegraphite electrode muChina wakakwira zvakanyanya.Yakakurudzirwa nepurofiti yakawandisa, musika wegraphite electrode wakaunza mafungu ekutangazve kugona uye nekuwedzera.
Muna 2019, kubuda kwegraphite electrode muChina kwakasvika pakakwirira mumakore achangopfuura, kusvika 1189kT.Muna 2020, kubuda kwegraphite electrode kwakadzikira kusvika pa1020kT nekuda kwekushomeka kwakakonzerwa nedenda.Asi pazere, indasitiri yeChina ye graphite electrode ine hukuru hwakanyanya, uye huwandu hwekushandisa hwakadzikira kubva pa70% muna 2017 kusvika 46% muna 2020, mwero mutsva wekushandisa.
2.3 Kuda kuongororwa kwetsono coke mu graphite electrode indasitiri
Kuvandudzwa kwesimbi yeAF kunofambisa kudiwa kweiyo yepamusoro-yepamusoro simba graphite electrode.Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kudiwa kwegraphite electrode kuchaita 1300kt muna 2025, uye kudiwa kwetsono coke mbishi kuchave kunosvika 450kT.Nekuti mukugadzirwa kwehukuru hwakakura uye ekupedzisira-yakakwirira simba graphite electrode uye yakabatana, mafuta-based tsono coke iri nani pane marasha-based tsono coke, chikamu chegirafu yemagetsi kudiwa kweoiri-based tsono coke ichawedzera kuwedzera, ichitora nzvimbo yemusika yemarasha-based tsono coke.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-23-2022