Abstract:munyori anoongorora kugadzirwa kwetsono coke uye mashandisiro mamiriro ezvinhu munyika yedu, tarisiro yekushandiswa kwayo mugraphite electrode uye yakaipa electrode zvinhu indasitiri tarisiro, kudzidza mafuta tsono coke budiriro matambudziko, kusanganisira zviwanikwa zviwanikwa zviri kushomeka, mhando haina kukwirira, kutenderera uye kuwanda kwechikumbiro chekuongorora, kuwedzera chigadzirwa chechikamu tsvakiridzo, mubatanidzwa, mazinga ekuita kusimudzira, senge musika wekuita zvidzidzo.
Zvinoenderana neakasiyana masosi ezvigadzirwa, tsono coke inogona kukamurwa kuita mafuta tsono coke uye marasha tsono coke. Oiri tsono coke inonyanya kugadzirwa kubva kuFCC slurry kuburikidza nekunatsa, hydrodesulfurization, kunonoka coking uye calcination. Iyo nzira yakaoma uye ine yakakwirira yehunyanzvi zvemukati. Tsono coke ine hunhu hwepamusoro kabhoni, yakaderera sarufa, yakaderera nitrogen, yakaderera madota uye zvichingodaro, uye ine yakatanhamara electrochemical uye mechanical zvivakwa mushure megraphitization. Iyo imhando yeanisotropic yepamusoro-yekupedzisira kabhoni zvinhu zvine nyore graphitization.
Tsono coke inonyanya kushandiswa kune Ultra yakakwira simba graphite electrode, uye lithium ion bhatiri cathode zvinhu, se "carbon peak", "carbon neutral" zvinangwa zvehurongwa, nyika dzinoramba dzichikurudzira shanduko yesimbi nesimbi uye auto indasitiri uye kusimudzira kugadziridzwa kwemaindasitiri uye kusimudzira kushandiswa kwesimba rekuchengetedza yakaderera kabhoni uye yakasvibira ekuchengetedza nharaunda tekinoroji, kusimudzira magetsi uye kukurumidza kudiwa kwesimba remagetsi. mbishi tsono coke iri kukurawo nekukurumidza. Mune ramangwana, iyo yakadzika indasitiri yetsono coke icharamba ichibudirira zvakanyanya. Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora chimiro chekushandisa uye tarisiro yetsono coke mugraphite electrode uye anode zvinhu, uye inoisa pamberi matambudziko uye nhanho dzekupikisa kusimudzira hutano kweindasitiri yetsono coke.
1. Kuongororwa kwekugadzirwa uye kuyerera kwekutungamira kwetsono coke
1.1 Kugadzirwa kwetsono coke
Kugadzirwa kwetsono coke kunonyanya kuiswa munyika shoma dzakadai seChina, United States, United Kingdom, South Korea neJapan. Muna 2011, kugadzirwa kwepasi rose kwetsono coke kwaive kunosvika 1200kt/a, iyo yekuChina yekugadzira yaisvika 250kt/a, uye kwaingova neChina vagadziri vetsono coke. Pakazosvika gore ra2021, maererano nehuwandu hweSinfern Information, huwandu hwepasi rose hwekugadzira tsono coke huchawedzera kusvika pa3250kt/a, uye huwandu hwekugadzira Needle coke muChina huchawedzera kusvika pa2240kt/a, huchiverengera 68.9% yesimba rekugadzira pasi rose, uye nhamba yevanogadzira tsono yeChina ichawedzera kusvika pa21.
Tafura 1 inoratidza kugona kwekugadzira kwevagadziri gumi vetsono coke munyika, ine huwandu hwekugadzira huwandu hwe2130kt/a, inoverengera 65.5% yepasi rose kugadzirwa. Kubva pamaonero ekugadzirwa kwepasi rose kwemabhizinesi etsono coke, vagadziri vemafuta etsono coke vanowanzo vane chiyero chakakura, avhareji yekugadzirwa kwechirimwa chimwe chete i100 ~ 200kt/a, marasha akatevedzana tsono coke kugadzirwa kwesimba kungoita 50kT /a.
Mumakore mashoma anotevera, iyo yepasi rose tsono yekugadzira coke icharamba ichiwedzera, asi kunyanya kubva kuChina. China yakarongwa uye iri pasi pekuvaka tsono yekugadzira coke inosvika 430kT /a, uye iyo yekuwandisa mamiriro ari kuwedzera kuwedzera. Kunze kweChina, iyo tsono coke yakakura yakagadzikana, neRussia yeOMSK yekunatsa kuronga kuvaka 38kt/a tsono coke unit muna 2021.
Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza kugadzirwa kwetsono coke muChina mumakore mashanu apfuura. Sezvinoonekwa kubva kuMufananidzo 1, kugadzirwa kwetsono coke muChina kwave nekukura kukuru, nekukura kwegore negore kukura kwe45% mumakore mashanu. Muna 2020, iyo yakazara kugadzirwa kwetsono coke muChina yakasvika 517kT, kusanganisira 176kT yemarasha akatevedzana uye 341kT yemafuta akateedzana.
1.2 Kuunza kunze tsono coke
Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza mamiriro ekunze etsono coke muChina mumakore mashanu apfuura. Sezvinoonekwa kubva kuMufananidzo 2, kusati kwatanga COVID-19, huwandu hwekupinzwa kwetsono coke muChina hwakawedzera zvakanyanya, kusvika 270kT muna 2019, rekodhi yakakwira. Muna 2020, nekuda kwemutengo wepamusoro weiyo coke yetsono inotengeswa kunze kwenyika, kukwikwidza kwakadzikira, hombe yechiteshi, uye yakasimudzwa nekuenderera mberi kwedenda muEurope neUnited States, huwandu hweChina hwekupinza kwetsono coke muna 2020 hwaingova 132kt, pasi ne51% gore negore. Maererano nehuwandu, mune tsono coke yakatengeswa kunze kwenyika muna 2020, mafuta tsono coke yaiva 27.5kT, pasi 82.93% gore negore; Coal chiyero chetsono coke 104.1kt, 18.26% kupfuura gore rapfuura, chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti kufambisa kwemugungwa kweJapan neSouth Korea hakunyanyi kukanganiswa nedenda, kechipiri, mutengo wezvimwe zvigadzirwa kubva kuJapan neSouth Korea wakadzikira pane izvo zvezvigadzirwa zvakafanana muChina, uye kudzika kweiyo kurodha vhoriyamu yakakura.
1.3 Yekushandisa nzira yetsono coke
Tsono coke imhando yemhando yepamusoro-yekupedzisira kabhoni, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa seyakabikwa kugadzirwa kweyepamusoro-yakakwirira simba graphite electrode uye artificial graphite anode zvinhu. Iwo anonyanya kukosha materminal application minda ndeyemagetsi arc furnace steelmaking uye mabhatiri emagetsi emotokari nyowani dzesimba.
FIG. 3 inoratidza maitiro ekushandiswa kwetsono coke muChina mumakore mashanu apfuura. Graphite electrode ndiyo hombe yekushandiswa kwendima, uye kukura kwekudiwa kunopinda munhanho yakati sandara, nepo negative electrode zvinhu zvichiramba zvichikura nekukurumidza. Muna 2020, kudyiwa kwetsono coke muChina (kusanganisira kushandiswa kwezvinhu) kwaive 740kT, iyo 340kT yezvinhu zvisina kunaka uye 400kt yegraphite electrode yakadyiwa, ichiverengera makumi mana neshanu muzana ekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvisina kunaka.
2.1 Kuvandudzwa kweEAF kugadzira simbi
Indasitiri yesimbi nesimbi ndiyo inogadzira zvakanyanya kuburitsa kabhoni muChina. Kune nzira mbiri huru dzekugadzira simbi nesimbi: blast furnace uye yemagetsi arc furnace. Pakati pazvo, electric arc furnace steelmaking inogona kuderedza kubudiswa kwekabhoni ne60%, uye inogona kuona kudzokororwa kwezviwanikwa zvesimbi uye kuderedza kutsamira pakupinzwa kwesimbi. Indasitiri yesimbi nesimbi yakarongwa kuti itungamirire pakuzadzisa chinangwa che "carbon peak" uye "carbon neutrality" ne 2025. Pasi pekutungamirirwa kwemutemo wenyika yesimbi nesimbi, pachava nenhamba yakawanda yemiti yesimbi inotsiva shanduko uye kuputika kwevira remoto nemagetsi arc furnace.
Muna 2020, China crude simbi yakabuda inosvika 1054.4mt, iyo yakabuda yeEAF simbi inenge 96Mt, inongotora 9.1% chete yesimbi isina kuchena, zvichienzaniswa ne18% yeavhareji yepasirese, 67% yeUnited States, 39% yeEuropean Union, uye 22% yekamuri yekufambira mberi kwesimbi yeJapan. Zvinoenderana negwaro re "Nhungamiro yekusimudzira yemhando yepamusoro indasitiri yeIron neSimbi" yakapihwa neBazi reIndasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji muna Zvita 31, 2020, chikamu cheEAF simbi inobuda mukubuda kwesimbi isina kuchena inofanira kuwedzera kusvika 15% ~ 20% panosvika 2025. Iyo yekusimudzira maitiro emumba yemagetsi arc furnace ndeyepamusoro-kumagumo uye yakakura-chiyero, iyo inoisa kumberi kudiwa kukuru kweiyo hombe yakatarwa uye yekupedzisira-yakakwirira simba graphite electrode.
2.2 Mamiriro ekugadzirwa kwegraphite electrode
Graphite electrode chinhu chakakosha kudyiwa kune eAF kugadzirwa kwesimbi. Mufananidzo 4 unoratidza huwandu hwekugadzira uye kubuda kwegraphite electrode muChina mumakore mashanu apfuura. Kusimba kwekugadzira graphite electrode kwakawedzera kubva pa1050kT/a muna 2016 kusvika pa2200kt/a muna 2020, nechikamu chekukura kwepagore che15.94%. Aya makore mashanu inguva yekukurumidza kukura kwegraphite electrode kugadzirwa kwesimba, uye zvakare kumhanya kutenderera kwekukurumidza kusimudzira kwegraphite electrode indasitiri. Gore ra2017 risati rasvika, indasitiri ye graphite electrode seindasitiri yekugadzira yechinyakare ine simba rakawanda uye kusvibiswa kwakanyanya, mabhizinesi makuru emumba magirafu emagetsi anoderedza kugadzirwa, madiki uye epakati-saizi graphite electrode mabhizinesi akatarisana nekuvharwa, uye kunyangwe hofori dzepasi rose dzemagetsi dzinofanirwa kumisa kugadzirwa, kutengesa uye kubuda. Muna 2017, ichikurudzirwa uye ichisundwa nemutemo wenyika wekutonga kwekumanikidza kubviswa kwe "floor bar steel", mutengo wegraphite electrode muChina wakakwira zvakanyanya. Yakakurudzirwa nepurofiti yakawandisa, musika wegraphite electrode wakaunza mafungu ekutangazve kugona uye kuwedzera.
Muna 2019, kubuda kwegraphite electrode muChina kwakasvika pakakwirira mumakore achangopfuura, kusvika 1189kT. Muna 2020, kubuda kwegraphite electrode kwakadzikira kusvika pa1020kT nekuda kwekushomeka kwakakonzerwa nedenda. Asi pazere, indasitiri yeChina ye graphite electrode ine yakanyanya kuwanda, uye huwandu hwekushandisa hwakadzikira kubva pa70% muna 2017 kusvika 46% muna 2020, mwero mutsva wekushandisa.
2.3 Kuda kuongororwa kwetsono coke mu graphite electrode indasitiri
Kuvandudzwa kwesimbi yeAF kunofambisa kudiwa kweiyo yepamusoro-yepamusoro simba graphite electrode. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kudiwa kwegraphite electrode kuchaita 1300kt muna 2025, uye kudiwa kwetsono coke mbishi kuchave kunosvika 450kT. Nekuti mukugadzirwa kwehukuru hwakakura uye ekupedzisira-yakakwirira simba graphite electrode uye yakabatana, mafuta-based tsono coke iri nani pane marasha-based tsono coke, chikamu chegirafu electrode kudiwa kweoiri-based tsono coke kuchawedzerwa, kutora nzvimbo yemusika yemarasha-based tsono coke.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-23-2022