Pfupiso:Munyori anoongorora kugadzirwa kweneedle coke uye mamiriro ekushandiswa kwayo munyika medu, tarisiro yekushandiswa kwayo mu graphite electrode uye negative electrode materials prospect, kuti adzidze matambudziko ekugadzirwa kweneedle coke yemafuta, kusanganisira kushomeka kwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, mhando haisi yepamusoro, kuongororwa kwekushandiswa kwenguva refu uye kuwanda, kuwedzera tsvakiridzo yekupatsanurwa kwechigadzirwa, kushandiswa, zviyero zvekushanda, senge zvidzidzo zvekubatana kuti zvigadzire musika wepamusoro-soro.
Zvichienderana nekwakasiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa, needle coke inogona kukamurwa kuita oil needle coke uye coal needle coke. Oil needle coke inonyanya kugadzirwa kubva kuFCC slurry kuburikidza nekunatswa, hydrodesulfurization, delayed coking uye calcination. Maitiro acho akaomarara uye ane hunyanzvi hwakawanda. Needle coke ine hunhu hwekabhoni yakawanda, sarufa shoma, nitrogen shoma, dota shoma nezvimwewo, uye ine hunhu hwakanaka hwe electrochemical uye mechanical mushure me graphitization. Imhando ye anisotropic high-end carbon material ine graphitization iri nyore.
Needle coke inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira electrode yegrafiti ine simba rakawanda, uye lithium ion battery cathode, se "carbon peak", "carbon neutral" zvinangwa zvehurongwa, nyika dzichiri kusimudzira shanduko yeindasitiri yesimbi nesimbi nemotokari uye kusimudzira kugadziriswa kwechimiro chemaindasitiri uye kukurudzira kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yekuchengetedza simba shoma nekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza, kukurudzira kugadzira simbi yemagetsi ye arc furnace uye kukura nekukurumidza kwemotokari itsva dzesimba, Kudiwa kweneedle coke isina kugadzirwa kuri kukurawo nekukurumidza. Mune ramangwana, indasitiri yepasi pe needle coke icharamba ichibudirira zvikuru. Nyaya iyi inoongorora mamiriro ekushandiswa uye tarisiro yeneedle coke mu graphite electrode ne anode material, uye inoisa pamberi matambudziko uye matanho ekuvandudza hutano hweindasitiri yeneedle coke.
1. Kuongororwa kwekugadzirwa uye kuyerera kweinjini ye needle coke
1.1 Kugadzirwa kweNeedle Coke
Kugadzirwa kwe needle coke kwakanyanya munyika shoma dzakadai seChina, United States, United Kingdom, South Korea neJapan. Muna 2011, kugona kwekugadzira needle coke pasi rose kwaive 1200kt/a, uko kugona kwekugadzira kweChina kwaive 250kt/a, uye kwaingova nevagadziri vana chete vekuChina vane needle coke. Pakazosvika 2021, zvichienderana nehuwandu hweSinfern Information, kugona kwekugadzira needle coke pasi rose kuchawedzera kusvika pa3250kt/a, uye kugona kwekugadzira kweNeedle coke muChina kuchawedzera kusvika pa2240kt/a, zvichiita 68.9% yesimba rekugadzira pasi rose, uye huwandu hwevagadziri veneedle coke vekuChina huchawedzera kusvika pa21.
Tafura 1 inoratidza kugona kwekugadzira kwevagadziri gumi vepamusoro veneedle coke pasi rose, vane kugona kwekugadzira kwe2130kt/a, zvichiita 65.5% yesimba rekugadzira pasi rose. Kubva pamaonero esimba rekugadzira pasi rose reneedle coke, vagadziri veneedle coke vanogadzira mafuta vanowanzova nehukuru hwakakura, avhareji yesimba rekugadzira remuti mumwe chete i100 ~ 200kt/a, kugona kwekugadzira needle coke inogadzirwa nemarasha inongova 50kT/a.
Mumakore mashoma anotevera, kugona kwepasi rose kugadzira needle coke kucharamba kuchikwira, asi kunyanya kubva kuChina. Kugona kweChina kugadzira needle coke kwakarongwa uye kuri kuvakwa kuri kuita 430kT/a, uye mamiriro ekunze akawandisa ari kuwedzera. Kunze kweChina, kugona kweneedle coke kwakagadzikana, nefekitori yeRussia yeOMSK iri kuronga kuvaka 38kt/a needle coke unit muna 2021.
Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza kugadzirwa kwe needle coke muChina mumakore mashanu achangopfuura. Sezvatinoona kubva paMufananidzo 1, kugadzirwa kwe needle coke muChina kwakawedzera zvakanyanya, nekukura kwegore negore kwe45% mumakore mashanu. Muna 2020, kugadzirwa kwe needle coke muChina kwakasvika 517kT, kusanganisira 176kT yemarasha uye 341kT yemafuta.
1.2 Kupinza kweNeedle Coke
Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza mamiriro ekupinza kwe needle coke muChina mumakore mashanu achangopfuura. Sezvinogona kuonekwa kubva kuMufananidzo 2, COVID-19 isati yatanga, huwandu hwe needle coke hunopinzwa munyika yeChina hwakawedzera zvakanyanya, huchisvika 270kT muna 2019, huwandu hwakakwira zvakanyanya. Muna 2020, nekuda kwemutengo wakakwira we needle coke inopinzwa munyika, kudzikira kwemakwikwi, huwandu hwakawanda hwezvitoro, uye hwakanyanya kukwira nekuda kwedenda riri kuramba richiitika muEurope neUnited States, huwandu hwe needle coke inopinzwa munyika yeChina muna 2020 hwaive 132kt chete, kudzikira ne51% pagore. Zvichienderana nehuwandu, mu needle coke inopinzwa muna 2020, oil needle coke yaive 27.5kT, kudzikira ne82.93% pagore; Coal measure needle coke 104.1kt, 18.26% kupfuura gore rapfuura, chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti kutakurwa kwengarava kweJapan neSouth Korea hakuna kunyanya kukanganiswa nedenda iri, chechipiri, mutengo wezvimwe zvigadzirwa kubva kuJapan neSouth Korea wakaderera pane wezvigadzirwa zvakafanana muChina, uye huwandu hweodha hwakakura.
1.3 Nzira yekushandisa needle coke
Needle coke rudzi rwezvinhu zvekabhoni zvepamusoro-soro, izvo zvinonyanya kushandiswa sezvinhu zvekugadzira electrode yegrafiti ine simba rakawanda uye zvinhu zvegrafiti anode zvekugadzira. Nzvimbo dzakakosha dzekushandisa terminal isimbi dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa muchoto chemagetsi uye mabhatiri emagetsi emotokari itsva dzinoshandisa simba.
Mufananidzo 3 unoratidza mafambiro ekushandiswa kwe needle coke muChina mumakore mashanu achangopfuura. Graphite electrode ndiyo nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo yekushandisa, uye mwero wekukura kwekudiwa unopinda padanho rakati sandara, nepo zvinhu zve electrode zvisina kunaka zvichiri kukura nekukurumidza. Muna 2020, kushandiswa kwese kwe needle coke muChina (kusanganisira kushandiswa kwezvinhu) kwaive 740kT, iyo 340kT yezvinhu zvisina kunaka uye 400kt ye graphite electrode zvakashandiswa, zvichiita 45% yekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvisina kunaka.
2.1 Kuvandudzwa kwekugadzirwa kwesimbi ye eAF
Indasitiri yesimbi nesimbi ndiyo inonyanya kugadzira kabhoni muChina. Kune nzira mbiri huru dzekugadzira simbi nesimbi: blast furnace uye electric arc furnace. Pakati padzo, kugadzira simbi yesimbi yemagetsi kunogona kuderedza kabhoni ne60%, uye kunogona kuita kuti zviwanikwa zvesimbi zvakaraswa zvidzorerwe uye kuderedza kuvimba nekutenga simbi kubva kunze kwenyika. Indasitiri yesimbi nesimbi yakaronga kutungamira mukuzadzisa chinangwa che "carbon peak" uye "carbon neutralite" panosvika 2025. Pasi pekutungamirirwa kwemutemo wenyika weindasitiri yesimbi nesimbi, pachava nenhamba huru yezvivakwa zvesimbi zvekutsiva simbi ye converter ne blast furnace ne electric arc furnace.
Muna 2020, huwandu hwesimbi isina kuchekwa muChina hunosvika 1054.4mt, iyo huwandu hwesimbi ye eAF hunosvika 96Mt, ichingove 9.1% chete yesimbi isina kuchekwa, zvichienzaniswa ne18% yeavhareji yepasi rose, 67% yeUnited States, 39% yeEuropean Union, uye 22% yesimbi ye EAF yeJapan, pane mukana mukuru wekufambira mberi. Sekureva kwe "Guidance on Promoting High-Quality Development of Iron and Steel Industry" yakapihwa neMinistry of Industry and Information Technology musi wa31 Zvita, 2020, huwandu hwesimbi inobuda mu eAF musimbi isina kuchekwa hunofanirwa kuwedzerwa kusvika 15% ~ 20% panosvika 2025. Kuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwesimbi ye eAF kuchawedzera zvakanyanya kudiwa kwema electrodes ane simba re graphite rakawanda. Mafambiro ekugadzirwa kwe electric arc furnace yemumba ndeyepamusoro-soro uye yakakura, izvo zvinoisa kudiwa kukuru kwe specification yakakura uye ultra-high power graphite electrode.
2.2 Mamiriro ekugadzirwa kwe graphite electrode
Electrode yeGraphite chinhu chakakosha pakugadzira simbi ye eAF. Mufananidzo 4 unoratidza kugona kwekugadzira uye kubuda kwe graphite electrode muChina mumakore mashanu achangopfuura. Kugona kwekugadzira graphite electrode kwakawedzera kubva pa1050kT / a muna 2016 kusvika pa2200kt / a muna 2020, nekukura kwegore negore kwe15.94%. Makore mashanu aya inguva yekukura nekukurumidza kwekugadzira graphite electrode, pamwe nekufambira mberi kwekukura nekukurumidza kweindasitiri ye graphite electrode. Pamberi pa2017, indasitiri ye graphite electrode seindasitiri yekugadzira yechinyakare ine kushandiswa kwesimba rakawanda uye kusvibiswa kwakanyanya, makambani makuru e graphite electrode emumba anoderedza kugadzirwa, makambani madiki nepakati e graphite electrode anotarisana nekuvhara, uye kunyange ma electrode makuru epasi rose anofanira kumisa kugadzirwa, kutengesazve uye kubuda. Muna 2017, achikurudzirwa uye achitungamirirwa nehurongwa hwehurumende hwekubvisa "simbi yepasi", mutengo we graphite electrode muChina wakakwira zvakanyanya. Vachikurudzirwa nepurofiti yakawandisa, musika wema electrode e graphite wakatanga kudzokazve kwesimba uye kuwedzera.
Muna 2019, kuburitswa kwe graphite electrode muChina kwakasvika pakakwirira mumakore achangopfuura, kusvika pa 1189kT. Muna 2020, kuburitswa kwe graphite electrode kwakaderera kusvika pa 1020kT nekuda kwekushomeka kwekushandiswa kwakakonzerwa nedenda iri. Asi zvese, indasitiri ye graphite electrode muChina ine huwandu hwakanyanya hwekukwanisa kushandisa, uye huwandu hwekushandiswa hwakaderera kubva pa 70% muna 2017 kusvika pa 46% muna 2020, huwandu hutsva hwekushandiswa husina simba.
2.3 Kuongororwa kwekudiwa kwe needle coke muindasitiri ye graphite electrode
Kugadzirwa kwesimbi ye eAF kuchawedzera kudiwa kwe electrode ye graphite ine simba rakawanda. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kudiwa kwe graphite electrode kuchave 1300kt muna 2025, uye kudiwa kwe raw needle coke kuchave 450kT. Nekuti mukugadzirwa kwe electrode yakakura uye ine simba rakawanda re graphite electrode uye majoini, oil-based needle coke iri nani pane coal-based needle coke, chikamu chekudiwa kwe graphite electrode ye oil-based needle coke chichawedzera, zvichitora nzvimbo yemusika ye coal-based needle coke.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-23-2022