Ma electrode eGraphite ane mukana mukuru wekushandiswa mune ese ari maviri hydrogen fuel cell uye nucleus energy sectors, nerubatsiro rwawo rukuru runobva mukufambiswa kwemagetsi kwakanyanya, kuramba kupisa, kugadzikana kwemakemikari, uye kugona kwekushandura neutron. Mamiriro chaiwo ekushandiswa uye kukosha kwacho kwakanyorwa pazasi:
I. Chikamu cheHydrogen Fuel Cell: Rutsigiro Rukuru rweBipolar Plates neElectrode Materials
Sarudzo Yakanyanya yeBipolar Plates
Maplate eGraphite bipolar anoshanda se "musana" wema "hydrogen fuel cell stacks", achiita mabasa mana akakosha: rutsigiro rwechimiro, kupatsanurwa kwegasi, kuunganidzwa kwemagetsi, uye manejimendi yekupisa. Magadzirirwo avo e "flow channel" anoparadzanisa hydrogen neokisijeni zvinobudirira, zvichiita kuti magasi anogadzirisa zvinhu aenderane uye awedzere kushanda zvakanaka. Panguva imwe chete, "high thermal conductivity" yavo inochengetedza tembiricha dzakagadzikana dzesystem. Muna 2024, kugadzirwa kwemotokari dzehydrogen fuel cell muChina nekutengesa kwakawedzera neanopfuura 40% gore negore, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwemusika we "bipolar plate". Maplate eGraphite bipolar aive ne58.7% yemusika we "bipolar plate" muChina, kunyanya nekuda kwemari yavo (30%-50% yakaderera pane maplate esimbi bipolar) uye tekinoroji yekuumba "hot-pressing".
Basa Rinosimudzira Kushanda Muzvinhu zveElectrode
- Zvinhu Zvisina Kusimba zveElectrode: Kufambiswa kwemagetsi kwakanyanya uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari kwegraphite kunoita kuti ive chinhu chakanakira maelectrode asina kunaka ehydrogen fuel cell, zvichiita kuti maerekitironi agamuchirwe zvakanaka uye kuti maion apinde zvakanaka ukuwo zvichideredza kuramba kwemukati.
- Muchina wekuzadza ma electrode akanaka: Muma electrode akanaka e sodium/potassium ion exchange resin, graphite inoshanda semuchina wekuzadza ma electrodes kuti iwedzere kufambiswa kwema electrodes uye kugadzirisa nzira dzekufambisa ma ion.
- Basa reChidziviriro: Kuputira kweGraphite kunodzivirira kusangana kwakananga pakati pemaelectrolyte nezvinhu zvemagetsi zvisina kunaka, zvichidzivirira ngura ye oxidation uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri. Semuenzaniso, rimwe bhizinesi rakawedzera kaviri hupenyu hwemaelectrode asina kunaka nekushandisa graphite composite protective layer.
Kudzokorora Tekinoroji uye Kugona Kwemusika
Hukuru hwemusika wemaplate egrafiti akatetepa (ukobvu ≤ 0.1 mm) anoshandiswa mumaplate ehydrogen fuel cell bipolar akasvika RMB 820 miriyoni muna 2024, nekukura kwegore negore kwe45%. Sezvo zvinangwa zve "dual carbon" zveChina zvichitungamira kuvandudzwa kweketani yeindasitiri yesimba rehydrogen, musika wemacell emafuta unotarisirwa kudarika RMB 100 bhiriyoni panosvika 2030, zvichiwedzera zvakananga kudiwa kwemaplate egrafiti bipolar. Zvichakadaro, kushandiswa kukuru kwemidziyo yekugadzira hydrogen yemagetsi emvura kunowedzera kushandiswa kwemaelectrodes egrafiti mumasisitimu ekuchengetedza simba rinogona kushandiswazve.
II. Chikamu cheSimba reNyukireya: Kuchengetedza Kwakakosha Kwekuchengetedzwa uye Kushanda Nesimba kweReactor
Zvinhu Zvikuru zveKudzora uye Kudzora Neutron
Maelectrode eGraphite akatanga kugadzirwa senzira dzekugadzirisa neutron dzeaxial-graphite reactors, achidzora mwero wekuita kwenyukireya nekudzora kumhanya kweneutron kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti reactor inoshanda zvakanaka. Nzvimbo yayo yekunyunguduka (3,652°C), kuramba ngura, uye kugadzikana kwemwaranzi (kuchengetedza hunhu hwayo pasi pekuratidzwa kwenguva refu kwemwaranzi) zvinoita kuti ive sarudzo yakakodzera yemidziyo yekudzora reactor yenyukireya nezvinhu zvekudzivirira. Semuenzaniso, reactor yeChina inotonhodzwa negasi (HTGR) inoshandisa graphite yemhando yenyukireya senzvimbo yekutanga yezvinhu zvemafuta, nekutonga kwakasimba pamusoro pehuwandu hwekusvibiswa (kunyanya boron) pamazinga eppm kudzivirira kukanganiswa kwemusanganiswa weneutron.
Kushanda Kwakagadzikana Munzvimbo Dzinopisa Zvakanyanya
Muma reactor enyukireya, graphite inofanira kutsungirira tembiricha yakanyanya (kusvika 2,000°C) uye nharaunda dzine mwaranzi yakasimba. Kufambiswa kwayo kwekupisa kwakanyanya (100–200 W/m·K) kunoita kuti kupisa kupfuure nekukurumidza mukati me reactor, zvichideredza nzvimbo dzinopisa uye zvichivandudza mashandiro ekupisa. Semuenzaniso, maHTGR echizvarwa chechina anoshandisa graphite sezvinhu zvekuvaka, zvichiita kuti mafuta enyukireya ashandiswe zvakanaka kuburikidza nemhedzisiro ye graphite inononoka neutron.
Matambudziko eTekinoroji uye Kubudirira Mudzimba
- Kuzvimba kweNeutron Irradiation: Kugara kwenguva refu uchishandiswa nemwaranzi yeneutron kunokonzera kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwegraphite (kuzvimba kweneutron), zvichikonzera kukanganisa kuvakwa kwereactor. China yakaderedza izvi nekuvandudza chimiro chegrain graphite (semuenzaniso, kushandisa isotropic graphite) kudzora kuzvimba kuri pasi pe0.5%.
- Kushandiswa kweRadioactive: Graphite inogadzira maisotopes ane radioactive (semuenzaniso, carbon-14) mushure mekushandiswa kwereactor, zvichidikanwa maitiro akasarudzika (semuenzaniso, tekinoroji yemafuta ezvimedu zvakaputirwa neHTGR) kuderedza njodzi dzekushandiswa.
- Kufambira Mberi Mukugadzirwa Kwenyika: Muna 2025, graphite yerudzi rwenyukireya yeHTGRs yeChina yakapasa chitupa chenyika, uye kudiwa kwayo kwaifungidzirwa kuti kwaizopfuura matani zviuru makumi maviri, zvichikanganisa kutonga kwekunze kwenyika. Imwe kambani yakaderedza mitengo yegraphite yerudzi rwenyukireya ne30% nekugadzira kugona kwekugadzira neelement coke yemuno, zvichiwedzera kukwikwidzana kwepasi rose.
III. Kubatana kweMasector Akasiyana-siyana uye Maitiro Eramangwana
Zvinhu Zvitsva Zvinosimudzira Kubudirira Kwebasa
- Kugadzirwa Kwezvinhu Zvakasanganiswa: Kusanganisa graphite nemaresini kana carbon fibers kunovandudza simba remuchina uye kuramba ngura. Semuenzaniso, ma graphite-resin bipolar plates anowedzera hupenyu hwebasa kusvika makore anopfuura mashanu muma electrolyzer e chlor-alkali eindasitiri.
- Matekinoroji Ekugadzirisa Pamusoro: Kuputira nitride kunowedzera kufambiswa kwemagetsi kwegraphite, zvichiita kuti iite seyakaderera kana tichienzanisa nesimbi uye kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nemasero emafuta ane simba rakawanda.
Kubatanidzwa kweCheni yeMaindasitiri uye Kurongeka kwePasirose
Makambani ekuChina anowana kugadzikana kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa kuburikidza nekudyara mari mumigodhi yegraphite yekune dzimwe nyika (semuenzaniso, Mozambique) uye kushandiswa kwemafekitori ekugadzirisa eMalaysia, ukuwo achichengetedza matekinoroji makuru munyika. Kutora chikamu mukuisa mwero wepasi rose (semuenzaniso, mwero wekuyedza maelektrode egraphite eISO) kunosimbisa hutungamiriri hwetekinoroji uye kunogadzirisa mitemo yezvakatipoteredza yakaita semutero wemuganhu wecarbon weEU.
Mutemo uye Kukura Kunotungamirirwa Nemusika
China ine chinangwa chekuwedzera chikamu chekugadzira simbi dzemagetsi kusvika 15%-20% panosvika 2025, zvichiwedzera zvisina kunanga kudiwa kwema electrode e graphite. Zvichakadaro, zvikamu zviri kubuda zvakaita se hydrogen energy uye kuchengetwa kwesimba zvinopa mikana yemusika we trillion-yuan yema electrodes e graphite. Zvirongwa zvepasi rose zvekuvandudza simba renyukireya (semuenzaniso, chinangwa cheJapan che20% mota dze hydrogen panosvika 2030 uye kuwedzera mari yenyukireya yeEurope) zvichawedzera kushandiswa kwema electrodes e graphite mumagetsi enyukireya nekugadzirwa kwe hydrogen.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-05-2025