Pane njodzi yekutonga kwenzvimbo kana kuti yezvekushandisa mu graphitized petroleum coke here?

Koke yepetroleum yakasanganiswa negirafiti inotarisana nenjodzi dzezvematongerwo enyika uye dzezvekushandisa, uye manyuko enjodzi idzi anogona kuongororwa kubva pamativi mana: kugoverwa kwezvekushandisa, shanduko dzezvematongerwo enyika, kutonga kwecheni yemaindasitiri, uye zvipingamupinyi zvematongerwo enyika nekutengeserana.

I. Kugoverwa Kwezviwanikwa Kusina Kuenzana Kunoita Kuti Kuwanikwa Kwezvinhu Kuvimbirwe Nenzvimbo Dzakasiyana

Semugumisiro wekugadzirwa kwemafuta asina kucheneswa, huwandu hwekugadzirwa kwemafuta ane coke hune chekuita zvakananga nekugona kwekugadzirwa kwemafuta asina kucheneswa. Kupararira kusina kuenzana kwemafuta asina kucheneswa pasi rose kunoita kuti mafuta ane coke ashandiswe zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzinogadzira mafuta asina kucheneswa nenzvimbo dzinogadzirwa. Semuenzaniso:

• Kugadzirwa Kwakawanda kwePetroleum Coke muChina: Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Mbudzi 2024, kugadzirwa kwepetroleum coke muChina kwainyanya kuEast China, South China, neNortheast China, zvichiita kuti pave neanopfuura 80% yehuwandu hwese, East China ichipa anopfuura 55%. Kuwanda kwemafuta aya mudunhu kunoita kuti kuchinja kwemafuta emuno kukanganise musika wenyika.
• Kuvimba Nekutengeswa Kwezvinhu Zvikuru: Coke yepetroleum inogadzirwa neChina haigone kugutsa zvinodiwa nevemuno, nechikamu chemuganho wekugadzirwa kwayo nekushandiswa kwayo chakawedzerwa nezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Mbudzi 2024, kunyangwe kutengeswa kwecoke yepetroleum kuChina kwakaderera ne15.22% gore negore, mwero wekuvimba nekunze wakaramba uri pamusoro pe25%, necoke yepetroleum ine sulfur yakawanda ichitora anopfuura 70% yezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika muna 2023. Zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinosanganisira United States, Saudi Arabia, Canada, nedzimwe. Kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika kana shanduko dzemitemo yekutengeserana munyika idzi zvinogona kukanganisa zvakananga kugadzikana kwezvekutengeswa kwezvinhu.

II. Kuchinja kweMamiriro Enyika Kunowedzera Njodzi dzeKupa Zvinhu

Shanduko mumamiriro epasi rose esimba renyika dzinogona kukonzera njodzi kuketani yekugovera petroleum coke:

• Makwikwi Akawedzerwa Ezvinhu: Sezvinhu zvemagetsi nemakemikari, kuwanikwa kwepetroleum coke kunogona kukanganiswa nemakwikwi ezviwanikwa. Semuenzaniso, kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika muMiddle East uye hukama hwakaoma pakati peRussia nenyika dzekumadokero zvinogona kutungamira mukukanganiswa kwemafuta asina kuchekwa kana kuchinja kwemitengo, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kugadzirwa kwepetroleum coke.
• Nzira Dzekufambisa Dzakavharwa: Kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika kunogona kukanganisa nzira dzekufambisa petroleum coke, zvichiwedzera mari yekufambisa nenguva, uye zvichikonzera kukanganiswa kwekupa. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera kwenjodzi dzekuchengetedza munzira yekutumira petroleum coke muRed Sea kunogona kukanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwekutumira petroleum coke kuMiddle East kuChina.

III. Njodzi dzeMonopoly muZvikamu Zvikuru zveIndasitiri

Mamwe ma link kana matekinoroji ari muchikamu chemaindasitiri che petroleum coke anogona kudzorwa nemabhizinesi kana nyika shoma, zvichiita kuti pave ne monopoly:

• Kungopawo mafuta emhando ye "monopoly" mu "Upstream Crude Oil Supply": Musika wepasi rose wemafuta emhando ye "crude oil" unotongwa nenyika shoma dzinogadzira mafuta, nemasangano akaita seOPEC achipesvedzera mitengo yemafuta kuburikidza nemitemo yekugadzira, nokudaro achidzora zvisina kunanga mitengo yemafuta e "coke". Semuenzaniso, kudzikiswa kwekugadzirwa kweOPEC kunogona kukonzera kukwira kwemitengo yemafuta emhando ye "crude oil", zvichikwidza mitengo yekugadzira mafuta emhando ye "coke".
• Zvipingamupinyi zveUnyanzvi muKugadzira Pakati peMidstream: Matekinoroji ekugadzira peturu coke, akadai sekunonoka kubika uye calcination, ane zvimwe zvipingamupinyi, uye makambani ari kudzidzira matekinoroji makuru anogona kuwana mabhenefiti pamusika. Semuenzaniso, kunyangwe China iri pamberi mukugadzira tekinoroji yegraphitization, ichiri kuvimba nekutenga nekutengesa nenyuchi coke yepamusoro nezvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha, zvichikonzera njodzi yehunyanzvi hwe monopoly.
• Musika Wekushandisa Wakanyanya Kuzara: Kushandiswa kwemafuta ecoke epeturu kunonyanya kuzara muma anode akabikwa kare uye mafuta, zvichiita 77% muhafu yekutanga ya2024. Indasitiri ye electrolytic aluminium, semushandisi mukuru wema anode akabikwa kare, inogona kukanganisa kudiwa kwemafuta ecoke epeturu nekuda kwemiganhu yekukwanisa kwayo kugadzirwa (semuenzaniso, mutsetse mutsvuku weChina unorema matani mamiriyoni makumi mana nemashanu), zvichiita kuti ive monopoly yedivi rekuda.

IV. Mutemo neZvipingamupinyi zveKutengeserana Zvinodzora Kushaikwa kweMari muMusika

Mitemo nezvipingamupinyi zvekutengeserana munyika dzakasiyana siyana zvinogona kuwedzera kupatsanurwa kwemusika uye monopoly mumusika wepetroleum coke:

• Zvirambidzo zveMutemo weZvakatipoteredza: "2024-2025 Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction Action Plan" yeChina inoti, kunze kwemayuniti aripo aripo mumakambani epetrochemical, high-sulfur petroleum coke haifanirwe kushandiswa semafuta. Mutemo uyu unorambidza kushandiswa kwehigh-sulfur petroleum coke muchikamu chemafuta, nekumwe kudiwa kuchinjira kune low-sulfur petroleum coke, zvingangokonzera monopoly mumusika welow-sulfur petroleum coke.
• Kudzora Kutengeswa Kwezvinhu Zvakawanda Nehondo Dzekutengeserana: Nyika huru dzinotumira zvinhu kunze dzinogona kudzikamisa kuwanikwa kwecoke yepeturu kuburikidza nekudzora kutengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika kana kukwidza mitengo kuburikidza nehondo dzekutengeserana, zvichikanganisa kushaikwa kwemari mumusika wepasi rose. Semuenzaniso, mitengo yeUS paChina inogona kukwidza mutengo wecoke yepeturu inotengeswa kunze kwenyika yeChina, zvichiita kuti kukwikwidzana kwayo pasi rose kusashande zvakanaka.
• Zvirambidzo zveKutengesa Zviwanikwa: Nyika dzine zviwanikwa zvakawanda dzinogona kuderedza kutengeswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika kuti dzidzivirire maindasitiri adzo emuno, zvichikonzera kusawirirana kwepasi rose. Semuenzaniso, zvirambidzo zveIndonesia pakutengeswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika ne nickel ore, kunyangwe zvisiri kubatanidza zvakananga petroleum coke, zvinoratidza maitiro enyika dzinotengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika dzichishandisa maturusi emutemo kudzora misika, zvichikonzera njodzi dzakafanana kune zvimwe zviwanikwa zvakaita se petroleum coke.