Kushandiswa uye Kuongororwa Kwakanaka kweGraphitized Petroleum Coke muIndasitiri yeAluminium Electrolysis
I. Kushandiswa kweGraphitized Petroleum Coke muCathode Blocks neAnode Paste
1. Kugadzirwa kweCathode Blocks
Graphitized petroleum coke ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira mabhuroko e cathode carbon ane graphitized. Mushure mekugadzirisa graphitization pakupisa kwakanyanya pa3000°C, kuchena kwayo kwekabhoni kunodarika 98%, uye density chaiyo inowedzera zvakanyanya, zvichiita chimiro che graphite crystal chakarongeka. Chimiro ichi chinopa mabhuroko e cathode ane hunhu hunotevera:
- Kudzivirira kukura kwe sodium: Chimiro che graphite chakachena kwazvo chinodzivirira kupinda kwe sodium panguva ye aluminium electrolysis, zvichiita kuti cathode irambe iripo kwenguva refu.
- Kuvandudzwa kwekufambisa magetsi: Kugadziriswa kwegirafiti kunoderedza zvakanyanya resistivity, kunoderedza kudonha kwemagetsi pasi pesero uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba rekugadzirwa kwearuminiyamu neinenge 5%–10%.
- Kugadzikana kwekupisa kwakagadziriswa: Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hushoma pakupisa kwakanyanya kunoderedza njodzi dzekupwanyika dzinokonzerwa nekushushikana kwekupisa.
2. Kugadzirira Anode Paste
Mune anode paste, graphitized petroleum coke inonyanya kushanda se carbon additive uye conductive framework material, ine zvinotevera:
- Kuwedzerwa kwekufambisa magetsi: Chimiro chegirafiti chinokurudzira kugoverwa kwemagetsi kwakafanana, zvichideredza anode overvoltage.
- Kudzivirira oxidation kwakavandudzwa: Kuwanda kwesarufa shoma (kazhinji <0.06%) kunoderedza kutsemuka kunokonzerwa negasi panguva yekuchinjana neCO₂, zvichideredza kushandiswa kweanode patani yesimbi (semuenzaniso, kudzikiswa kwe12% mukushandiswa kwebhizinesi rakati).
- Magadzirirwo epore akagadziridzwa: Kugadziriswa kwegirafiti kunoderedza kuzara kwepore yepitch coke, zvichiwedzera huwandu hweanode uye simba remuchina.
II. Mabhenefiti Akakosha eGraphitized Petroleum Coke Pamusoro peCalcined Petroleum Coke
| Chiyero Chekushanda | Graphitized Petroleum Coke | Calcined Petroleum Coke |
|---|---|---|
| Zviri mukati mesarufa | 0.03%–0.06% (rudzi rwesarufa yakaderera) | ~0.5% (rudzi rwakajairika) |
| Mwero wekunyudzwa kwemvura | 90%–95% | 80%–90% |
| Dhigirii reGraphitization | Yakagadziriswa zvakanyanya (kuwanda kwechokwadi ≥2.18 g/cm³) | Yakagadziriswa zvishoma (huwandu hwechokwadi 1.8–2.0 g/cm³) |
| Zviri mukati mekusachena | Dota ≤0.15%, zvinhu zvinoshanduka-shanduka <0.5% | Dota 0.3%–0.8%, zvinhu zvinoshanduka 0.7%–1.5% |
| Chiyero chekuwedzera kwekupisa | Yakaderera (rudzi rwekoke yetsono) | Yakakwira (rudzi rwesponge coke) |
| Mamiriro ekushandisa | Maelectrode egrafiti ane simba guru, zvigadzirwa zvekabhoni zvakakosha | Anode dzakagadzirwa kare, maerekitironi esilicon eindasitiri |
Zvakanakira Chaizvo:
1. Kugadzirisa Mashandiro Emagetsi
- Kudzivirira kwe graphitized petroleum coke kwakaderera ne30%–50% pane kwe calcined coke, zvichideredza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwesimba re electrolysis cell. Semuenzaniso, muma electrodes e needle coke e750 mm, conductivity inodarika ye standard coke nekatatu, zvichivandudza kushanda kwesimbi kusvika pamaminitsi makumi maviri nemashanu pachoto chimwe nechimwe.
- Kuwanda kwesarufa kunoderedza kusangana pakati peanode ne fluoride-containing electrolytes, zvichideredza kuzvimba kunokonzerwa negasi uye kuwedzera hupenyu hweanode.
2. Kuvandudza Zvivakwa zveMichina
- Kugadziriswa kwegirafiti kunowedzera kuomarara kwezvinhu uye kuramba kupisa. Munzvimbo dzine electrolysis yealuminium inodziya zvakanyanya, chiyero chekuwedzera kwekupisa kwemabhuroko egirafiti ane graphitized cathode chakaderera ne30% pane che calcined coke, zvichideredza kukuvara kwechimiro nekuda kwekuchinja kwekushisa.
- Kuwanda kwechokwadi kwakanyanya (≥2.18 g/cm³) kunowedzera kuomarara kwezvinhu, zvichideredza kupinda kwearuminiyamu mumvura uye kukanganiswa kwesodium.
3. Mabhenefiti Ezvakatipoteredza Nehupfumi
- Kuderera kwehuwandu hwesarufa kunoderedza kuburitswa kweSO₂, zvichizadzisa mitemo yezvakatipoteredza. Semuenzaniso, fekitori yearuminiyamu inoshandisa coke ine girafu yakaderera yakaderedza kuburitswa kweSO₂ patani yearuminiyamu ne15%.
- Pasinei nemitengo yakakwira (inenge ka1.5-2 kupfuura ye calcined coke), hupenyu hwakareba uye kushandiswa kwesimba shoma zvinoderedza mari yekutanga. Semuenzaniso, hupenyu hwe cathode block hwakawedzera kubva pamakore mashanu kusvika masere, zvichideredza mari yese ne20%.
III. Nyaya dzeKushandiswa uye Rutsigiro rweData
- Indasitiri yeAluminium Electrolysis: Pasi rose, 70% ye calcined coke inoshandiswa pakugadzira anode dzealuminium electrolysis, asi misika yepamusoro (semuenzaniso, graphitized cathodes) iri kuramba ichishandisa graphitized coke. Imwe kambani yakaderedza kushandiswa kweanode kubva pa420 kg/t-Al kusvika pa370 kg/t-Al mushure mekushandisa graphitized cathodes, zvichichengetedza RMB mamiriyoni mazana maviri pagore.
- Indasitiri yeSimbi: Maelectrode ecoke ane 750 mm ane simba re 100,000 A akakwanisa kugadzira simbi kwemaminitsi makumi maviri nemashanu pachoto chimwe nechimwe, uye conductivity yakapetwa katatu kupfuura coke yakajairwa.
- Chikamu Chekuchengetera Simba: Asphalt-modified calcined coke yakavandudza hupenyu hwe hard carbon anode cycle ne 400 cycles, zvichiwedzera simba mumisika yemabhatiri e sodium-ion.
IV. Mhedziso
Graphitized petroleum coke, kuburikidza ne graphitization yepamusoro-soro, inoratidza kuchena kwepamusoro-soro, kufambisa magetsi, uye kugadzikana kwekupisa zvichienzaniswa ne calcined petroleum coke, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune high-end aluminium electrolysis cathode blocks uye kugadzirwa kweanode paste yakakosha. Pasinei nemitengo yakakwira, hupenyu hwayo hurefu, kushanda kwayo nesimba, uye mabhenefiti ezvakatipoteredza zvinoiisa sechinhu chakakosha pakuvandudza indasitiri yearuminiyamu. Kufambira mberi mune ramangwana mu graphitization tekinoroji (semuenzaniso, ultra-high-temperature treatment pa3000°C) kuchawedzera kushandiswa kwayo mu graphite yemhando yenyukireya, lithium-ion battery anodes, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzepamusoro.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-22-2025