Kugadzira girafiti, senzira huru yekugadzira, kunowanzoitwa mumhando ina dzemichina: Acheson graphitization furnace, internal series graphitization furnace, box-type graphitization furnace, uye continuous graphitization furnace. Ongororo chaiyo ndeiyi inotevera:
Furnace yeAcheson Graphitization
Sechishandiso chekare chinoshandiswa nevanhu vazhinji, chinoshandisa musimboti wekupisa simba kuti chiwedzere tembiricha kusvika 2,800-3,000°C, zvichiita kuti chikwanise kugadzirwa kwegraphite yakachena kwazvo. Rudzi urwu rwechoto rune chimiro chakasimba uye chakareruka. Zvisinei, chine zvipingamupinyi zvakaita sekutenderera kwenguva refu kwekugadzira, kushandiswa kwesimba rakawanda (inenge 4,000-4,800 kWh/t), uye kushanda kwakaderera. Parizvino, makambani akaita sePutailai neShanshan achiri kushandisa tekinoroji iyi zvakanyanya uye akavandudza kushanda nesimba nekuvandudza chiyero chezvinhu zvinodzivirira simba uye kusimudzira chimiro chekudzivirira simba.
Furnace yeGraphitization yeMukati
Furnace iyi inopisa zvakananga kuburikidza nema electrodes pachayo, ichibvisa kudiwa kwezvinhu zvinodzivirira kuti zvigadzire kupisa. Inopa zvakanakira zvakaita sekushanda zvakanaka kwekupisa, nguva pfupi yekushanda nesimba (inenge maawa 1-2 chete panguva yekupisa kwakanyanya), uye kushandiswa kwesimba kushoma (inenge 3,300-4,000 kWh/t). Mhando dzefurnace dzinosanganisira I-type, U-type, W-type, uye plum-blossom-type, uye U-type ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa. Mafekitori ekabhoni muGermany, United States, neJapan akashandisa tekinoroji iyi zvakanyanya pakugadzira ma electrodes makuru ane simba guru re ultra-high-power graphite. Zvisinei, tembiricha yayo yepamusoro yefurnace (inenge 2,800°C) yakaderera zvishoma pane yefurnace yeAcheson.
Furnace yeGraphitization yeRudzi rweBhokisi
Tekinoroji iyi inoshandisa mapurati ecarbon kana graphite kuvaka bhokisi, ichishandisa zvinhu zvacho pachayo sechinhu chinodziisa kupisa panzvimbo pezvinhu zvechinyakare zvinodzivirira kubva kucoke. Nekugadzirisa kugoverwa kwesimba rekupisa, inoderedza kushandiswa kwesimba. Zvisinei, inosangana nematambudziko akadai sekuoxidation yezvinhu, kushanda zvakanaka kwekupisa, uye kugoverwa kwekupisa kusina kuenzana muchoto. Makambani akaita seHebei Kuntian neShanshan Co., Ltd. ane mapatenti akakodzera uye akavandudza kugadzikana kwechigadzirwa nekuvandudza kuvharwa kwebhokisi uye kugadzirisa curve yemagetsi.
Furnace Inoenderera Mberi yeGraphitization
Choto ichi chinogonesa kudyisa zvinhu nguva dzose, kugadzirisa kupisa kwakanyanya (2,500-3,000°C), uye kutonhora kunobuda. Chinopa zvakanakira zvakaita sekushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira, kushandiswa kwesimba shoma, uye otomatiki yakawanda. Kudzora tembiricha kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekudziisa kupisa (nzira yekudziisa yekunze) kana kuzvidziisa kwechinhu (nzira yekudziisa yemukati). Zvisinei, nzira yekudziisa yemukati yakaoma kushanda nekuda kwekudziisa kwega uye kufamba kwechinhu. Makambani akaita seKuntian neBTR ari kukurudzira kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji iyi, iyo inotarisirwa kutsiva nzira dzekugadzira dzinoitika nguva nenguva mune ramangwana.
Maitiro eIndasitiri uye Mazano eKusarudza Midziyo
- Kugadzirisa Kushandiswa Kwesimba: Maovheni emukati memagetsi neakafanana nebhokisi anoderedza kushandiswa kwesimba nekuderedza kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa, nepo maovheni anoenderera mberi anowedzera kushanda zvakanaka kuburikidza nekudzoreredza kupisa, zvichienderana nekudiwa kwekugadzirwa kwemutengo wakaderera pasi pezvinangwa zvekusapindira kwekabhoni.
- Kuvandudza Kushanda Nesimba: Maovheni anoenderera mberi anogonesa kugadzirwa kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana pasina kukanganiswa, aine simba remutsetse mumwe chete rinosvika matani zviuru gumi, zvinopfuura katatu kugadzirwa kwemidziyo yechinyakare. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikodzere makambani makuru ekugadzira anode.
- Hunhu hweChigadzirwa: Chitofu cheAcheson chinoramba chichinyanya kufarirwa pakugadzirwa kwegirafiti yepamusoro nekuda kwekufanana kwaro kwekupisa, nepo chitofu chinoramba chichisangana nezvinodiwa zvakasimba zvebhatiri remagetsi kuburikidza nekudzora tembiricha nemazvo.
- Kudzokorora Tekinoroji: Maitiro matsva akadai se microwave graphitization uye plasma graphitization ari kutsvagurudzwa uye kugadzirwa, zvingangokanganisa muganho wekupisa kwe3,000°C uye kupfupisa nguva dzekugadzirisa mune ramangwana.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-10-2025