Nheyo ye graphitization inosanganisira kurapwa kwekupisa kwakanyanya (2300–3000°C), izvo zvinokonzeresa kurongwazve kwemaatomu ekabhoni asina kuumbwa, akasanganiswa kuita chimiro che graphite crystal chakagadzirwa ne thermodynamically chakasimba. Chinhu chikuru cheiyi nzira ndechekuvakazve lattice ine hexagonal kuburikidza ne SP² hybridization yemaatomu ekabhoni, ayo anogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu:
Danho rekukura kweMicrocrystalline (1000–1800°C):
Mukati meiyi tembiricha, tsvina iri muzvinhu zvekabhoni (zvakadai sesimbi dzine nzvimbo shoma yekunyunguduka, sarufa, uye phosphorus) inotanga kupwanyika uye kupera simba, ukuwo chimiro chekabhoni chinotenderera chichiwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Kureba kwema microcrystals kunowedzera kubva pa ~1 nanometer yekutanga kusvika pa10 nanometers, zvichiisa hwaro hwekurongeka kunotevera.
Danho reKuronga reMatanho Matatu (1800–2500°C):
Sezvo tembiricha ichikwira, kusarongeka pakati pezvikamu zvekabhoni kunoderera, uye nzvimbo iri pakati pezvikamu inodzikira zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika pa 0.343–0.346 nanometers (zvichisvika pa graphite value yakakodzera ye 0.335 nanometers). Dhigirii re graphitization rinowedzera kubva pa 0 kusvika pa 0.9, uye zvinhu zvinotanga kuratidza hunhu hwakasiyana hwe graphite, hwakadai sekuwedzera kwakasimba kwemagetsi nekupisa.
Danho reKukwana kweKristaro (2500–3000°C):
Pakupisa kwakanyanya, ma microcrystals anogadziriswazve, uye zvikanganiso zve lattice (zvakadai se vacancies uye dislocations) zvinogadziriswa zvishoma nezvishoma, ne graphitization degree iri kusvika 1.0 (ideal crystal). Panguva ino, resistivity yemagetsi yezvinhu inogona kudzikira ne4-5 times, thermal conductivity inovandudzika neanenge ka10 times, coefficient ye linear expansion inodzikira ne50-80%, uye chemical stability inowedzerwa zvakanyanya.
Simba rinopinda mukupisa kwakanyanya ndiro simba guru rinoita kuti graphitization ibudirire, richikunda chipingamupinyi chesimba chekugadziriswazve kwemaatomu ekabhoni uye richibvumira shanduko kubva pane yakakanganiswa kuenda kune chimiro chakarongwa. Pamusoro pezvo, kuwedzerwa kwezvinhu zvinokonzeresa (senge boron, iron, kana ferrosilicon) kunogona kuderedza tembiricha yegraphitization uye kukurudzira kupararira kwemaatomu ekabhoni uye kuumbwa kwelattice. Semuenzaniso, kana ferrosilicon iine 25% silicon, tembiricha yegraphitization inogona kuderedzwa kubva pa2500–3000°C kusvika 1500°C, ukuwo ichigadzira hexagonal silicon carbide kuti ibatsire mukugadzirwa kwegraphite.
Kukosha kwekushandisa graphitization kunoratidzwa mukuvandudzwa kwakazara kwezvinhu zvekushandisa:
- Kufambiswa Kwemagetsi: Mushure mekushandisa girafiti, kusimba kwemagetsi kwezvinhu zvinodzikira zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti ive yega isina simbi ine kufambiswa kwemagetsi kwakanaka.
- Kufambiswa kwemafuta nekupisa: Kufambiswa kwemafuta nekupisa kunovandudzika kanenge kagumi, zvichiita kuti ikodzere kushandiswa pakugadzirisa kupisa.
- Kugadzikana kweMakemikoro: Kuramba kuoxidation uye kuramba kukora zvinowedzerwa, zvichiita kuti hupenyu hwebasa rechinhu chacho huwedzere.
- Hunhu hweMakemikari: Kunyange hazvo simba richigona kudzikira, chimiro chemaburi chinogona kuvandudzwa kuburikidza nekuiswa kwesimbi, kuwedzera kuwanda uye kuramba kupfeka.
- Kuvandudza Kuchena: Kusvibiswa kunoshanduka kana tembiricha yakakwira, zvichideredza dota remuchigadzirwa kanenge ka300 uye zvichizadzisa zvinodiwa zvekuchena kwakanyanya.
Semuenzaniso, muzvinhu zve lithium-ion battery anode, graphitization idanho guru mukugadzirira ma synthetic graphite anodes. Kuburikidza ne graphitization treatment, simba remagetsi, kugadzikana kwe cycle, uye kumhanya kwe speed ye anode materials zvinovandudzika zvakanyanya, zvichikanganisa mashandiro ebhatiri. Mamwe ma natural graphite anogadziriswawo nekupisa kwakanyanya kuti awedzere graphitization degree, nokudaro achivandudza simba remagetsi uye kushanda zvakanaka kwe charge-discharge.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-09-2025