1.EDM maitiro ezvinyorwa zvegraphite.
1.1.Discharge machining speed.
Graphite isimbi isiri-metallic ine yakanyanya kunyungudika ye3, 650 ° C, nepo mhangura ine nzvimbo yekunyunguduka ye1, 083 ° C, saka iyo graphite electrode inokwanisa kutsungirira makuru ekuseta mamiriro.
Kana iyo nzvimbo yekuburitsa uye chiyero chehukuru hwe electrode yakakura, zvakanakira zvepamusoro rough machining e graphite zvinhu zviri pachena.
Iyo yekupisa conductivity ye graphite ndeye 1/3 iyo yemhangura, uye kupisa kunogadzirwa panguva yekuyerera kunogona kushandiswa kubvisa simbi zvinhu zvakanyanya. Nokudaro, kushandiswa kwekugadzirisa kwegraphite kwakakwirira kudarika iyo yemhangura electrode mukati uye yakanaka kugadzirisa.
Zvinoenderana nechiitiko chekugadzirisa, iyo yekuburitsa yekumhanyisa kumhanya kwegraphite electrode ndeye 1.5 ~ 2 nguva nekukurumidza kupfuura iyo yemhangura electrode pasi pemamiriro ekushandisa.
1.2.Kushandiswa kweElectrode.
Graphite electrode ine hunhu hunogona kumirisana nemamiriro epamusoro aripo, mukuwedzera, pasi pemamiriro ekugadzirisa kwakakodzera, kusanganisira kabhoni simbi workpieces inogadzirwa panguva yekubvisa machining mumukati uye inoshanda fluid pakuora kwekushisa kwekabhoni particles, iyo polarity effect, pasi. chiito chekubvisa chikamu mumukati, kabhoni particles inonamatira kune electrode pamusoro kuti iite chidziviriro chekudzivirira, simbisa iyo graphite electrode mukurasikirwa kudiki muhutsinye machining, kana kunyange "zero tsvina".
Iyo huru electrode kurasikirwa muEDM kunobva kune rough machining. Kunyangwe chiyero chekurasikirwa chakakwira mumamiriro ekugadzirisa ekupedzisa, kurasikirwa kwese kwakaderera zvakare nekuda kwediki machining mvumo yakachengeterwa zvikamu.
Muzhinji, kurasikirwa kwe graphite electrode ishoma pane yemhangura ye electrode mu rough machining yezvino yakakura uye zvishoma kudarika iyo yemhangura electrode mukupedzisa machining. Iyo electrode kurasikirwa kwegraphite electrode yakafanana.
1.3.Hunhu hwepamusoro.
Iyo chidimbu dhayamita ye graphite zvinhu inokanganisa zvakananga pamusoro peiyo EDM. Iyo diki iyo dhayamita ndeye, yakaderera iyo roughness yepamusoro inogona kuwanikwa.
Makore mashoma apfuura uchishandisa particle phi 5 microns mudhayamita graphite zvinhu, iyo yakanakisa nzvimbo inogona chete kuwana VDI18 edm (Ra0.8 microns), mazuva ano dhayamita yezviyo zve graphite zvinhu zvakakwanisa kuwana mukati me3 microns ye phi, iyo yakanakisa nzvimbo. inogona kuwana yakagadzikana VDI12 edm (Ra0.4 mu m) kana yakawanda sophisticated level, asi iyo graphite electrode kuratidza edm.
Iyo mhangura yemhangura ine yakaderera resistivity uye compact chimiro, uye inogona kugadziriswa yakadzikama pasi pemamiriro akaoma. Kushata kwepamusoro kunogona kunge kuri pasi peRa0.1 m, uye inogona kugadziriswa negirazi.
Saka, kana machining ekuyerera achitevera yakanyanyisa kunaka kwepamusoro, inonyanya kukodzera kushandisa zvinhu zvemhangura se electrode, iyo ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yemhangura electrode pamusoro pegraphite electrode.
Asi electrode yemhangura pasi pemamiriro ehukuru hwekugadzirisa ikozvino, iyo electrode yepamusoro iri nyore kuva yakaoma, inoratidzika kunyange yakatsemuka, uye graphite zvinhu zvaisazova nedambudziko iri, iyo yepamusoro roughness inodiwa yeVDI26 (Ra2.0 microns) pamusoro pekugadzirisa mold, uchishandisa. graphite electrode inogona kuitwa kubva kune yakaomarara kusvika kune yakanaka kugadzirisa, inoziva iyo yunifomu yepasi mhedzisiro, kuremara kwepamusoro.
Mukuwedzera, nekuda kwechimiro chakasiyana che graphite nemhangura, iyo yepamusoro inoyerera corrosion point ye graphite electrode inowanzoitika kupfuura iyo yemhangura electrode. Naizvozvo, kana iyo yakafanana pamusoro roughness yeVDI20 kana pamusoro ichigadziriswa, iyo yepamusoro granularity ye workpiece yakagadziridzwa negraphite electrode inonyanya kusiyanisa, uye iyi tsanga yezviyo mhedzisiro iri nani pane inobuda pamusoro pemhedzisiro yemhangura electrode.
1.4.The machining kururama.
Iyo coefficient of thermal kuwedzera kwegraphite zvinhu idiki, iyo coefficient yekupisa kwekuwedzera kwezvinhu zvemhangura ndeye 4 nguva ye graphite zvinhu, saka mukubuda kwekuyerera, graphite electrode haina kukonzeresa deformation kupfuura copper electrode, iyo inogona kuwana yakanyanya kugadzikana uye. yakavimbika kugadzirisa kururama.
Kunyanya kana mbabvu yakadzika uye yakamanikana ichigadziriswa, tembiricha yakakwira yemuno inoita kuti electrode yemhangura kukotama nyore, asi electrode yegraphite haidaro.
Kune electrode yemhangura ine yakakura kudzika-dhayamita reshiyo, kumwe kupisa ukoshi hwekuwedzera hunofanirwa kubhadharwa kugadzirisa saizi panguva yekumisikidza machining, nepo graphite electrode isingadiwi.
1.5.Electrode uremu.
Iyo graphite zvinhu haina kusimba kupfuura mhangura, uye huremu hwe graphite electrode yevhoriyamu imwechete inongova 1/5 yeiyo electrode yemhangura.
Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kushandiswa kwe graphite kwakanyatsokodzera kune electrode ine vhoriyamu yakakura, iyo inoderedza zvikuru mutoro we spindle ye EDM machine tool. Iyo electrode haizokonzeri kusagadzikana mukusungirira nekuda kwehuremu hwayo hukuru, uye ichaburitsa kutsauka kwekuchinjika mukugadzirisa, etc. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti zvakakosha zvikuru kushandisa graphite electrode muhukuru hwekugadzira mold.
1.6.Electrode kugadzira kuoma.
Iyo machining kuita kwegraphite zvinhu zvakanaka. Iyo yekucheka kuramba ndeye 1/4 chete yemhangura. Pasi pemamiriro ekugadzirisa ekugadzirisa, kushanda kwekugadzira graphite electrode ndeye 2 ~ 3 nguva yemhangura electrode.
Graphite electrode iri nyore kujekesa Angle, uye inogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa iyo workpiece iyo inofanirwa kupedzwa neakawanda maelectrode kuita imwechete electrode.
Iyo yakasarudzika chidimbu chimiro che graphite zvinhu inodzivirira maburrs kuti asaitike mushure mekugadzira electrode kugaya uye kugadzira, iyo inogona kuzadzisa zvakanangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa kana maburrs asingabviswe nyore mumhando yakaoma yekuenzanisira, nekudaro kubvisa maitiro ekunyora kwemagetsi e electrode uye kudzivirira chimiro. shanduko uye saizi kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekupenya.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, nekuti graphite ihuruva kuunganidza, milling graphite inoburitsa guruva rakawanda, saka muchina wekugaya unofanirwa kuve nechisimbiso uye guruva rekuunganidza mudziyo.
Kana zvakakosha kushandisa edM kugadzirisa graphite electrode, kushanda kwayo hakuna kunaka semhangura yemhangura, kukurumidza kucheka kunenge 40% inononoka kupfuura mhangura.
1.7.Electrode kuiswa uye kushandiswa.
Graphite zvinhu zvine yakanaka yekubatanidza pfuma. Inogona kushandiswa kubatanidza graphite nechigadziriso nekukuya electrode uye kuburitsa, iyo inogona kuchengetedza maitiro ekugadzira screw hole pane electrode zvinhu uye kuchengetedza nguva yekushanda.
Iyo graphite zvinhu zvine brittle, kunyanya diki, nhete uye refu electrode, iyo iri nyore kutyora kana ichiiswa kunze kwesimba panguva yekushandiswa, asi inogona pakarepo kuziva kuti electrode yakakuvadzwa.
Kana iri electrode yemhangura, inongokotama uye isingaputsi, iyo ine ngozi zvikuru uye yakaoma kuwana mukushandiswa kwekushandiswa, uye inotungamira nyore kune chimedu che workpiece.
1.8.Mutengo.
Zvinhu zvemhangura chinhu chisingadzokerikezve, maitiro emitengo anowedzera uye anodhura, nepo mutengo we graphite zvinhu unowanzo kudzikama.
Mutengo wemhangura wezvinhu uchikwira mumakore achangopfuura, vagadziri vakuru ve graphite vanovandudza maitiro mukugadzirwa kwegraphite vanoita mukana wekukwikwidza, ikozvino, pasi peiyo vhoriyamu imwechete, kuwanda kwe graphite electrode mutengo wezvinhu uye mutengo wemhangura electrode zvinhu zvakaringana, asi. iyo graphite inogona kubudirira kugadzirisa, pane kushandiswa kwemhangura electrode kuchengetedza nhamba huru yemaawa ekushanda, yakaenzana nekuderedza mari yekugadzira zvakananga.
Kupfupisa, pakati pe8 edM maitiro e graphite electrode, zvakanakira zvaro zviri pachena: kushanda kwemagetsi ekugaya uye kuburitsa kuburitsa kuri nani kupfuura iyo yemhangura electrode; electrode hombe ine huremu hudiki, yakanaka dimensional kugadzikana, mutete electrode haisi nyore kukanganisa, uye magadzirirwo epamusoro ari nani pane electrode yemhangura.
Izvo zvisingabatsiri zvezvinhu zve graphite ndezvekuti hazvina kukodzera kushandiswa kwakanaka kwepasi pasi peVDI12 (Ra0.4 m), uye kushanda kwekushandisa edM kuita electrode yakaderera.
Nekudaro, kubva pamaonero anoshanda, chimwe chezvikonzero zvakakosha chinokanganisa kusimudzira kunobudirira kwezvinhu zvegraphite muChina ndechekuti yakakosha graphite yekugadzirisa muchina unodiwa kumilling electrode, iyo inoisa mberi zvinodiwa zvitsva zvekugadzirisa michina yemabhizinesi ekuumbwa, mamwe mabhizinesi madiki. anogona kunge asina chimiro ichi.
Kazhinji, mabhenefiti emagraphite electrode anovhara huwandu hukuru hweedM yekugadzirisa zviitiko, uye akakodzera kufarirwa uye kushandiswa, aine mabhenefiti enguva refu. Kushaikwa kwekunaka kwepamusoro pekugadzirisa kunogona kugadzirwa nekushandiswa kwemhangura electrodes.
2.Kusarudzwa kwe graphite electrode zvinhu zveEDM
Kune zvigadzirwa zve graphite, pane kunyanya zvinotevera mana anotevera anotarisisa kushanda kwezvishandiso:
1) Avhareji yechidimbu dhayamita yezvinhu
Ivhareji yepakati dhayamita yezvinyorwa inokanganisa zvakananga mamiriro ekubuda kwezvinhu.
Iyo diki yeavhareji yechikamu che graphite zvinhu, iyo yakawanda yunifomu yekubuda, iyo yakanyanya kugadzikana mamiriro ekuburitsa, zviri nani kunaka kwepamusoro, uye kushoma kurasikirwa.
Iyo yakakura yeavhareji saizi yechikamu ndeye, iyo iri nani yekubvisa mwero inogona kuwanikwa muhutsinye machining, asi iyo yepamusoro mhedzisiro yekupedzisa haina kunaka uye kurasikirwa kwe electrode kwakakura.
2) Simba rekukotama rezvinhu
Simba rekushanduka-shanduka rechinhu chiratidziro chakananga chesimba rayo, zvichiratidza kusimba kwechimiro chayo chemukati.
Izvo zvinhu zvine simba rakakwirira zvine zvaringana zvakanaka discharge resistance performance. Kune electrode nehupamhi hwepamusoro, zvinhu zvine simba rakanaka zvinofanira kusarudzwa sezvinobvira.
3) Shore kuoma kwezvinhu
Graphite yakaoma kudarika zvinhu zvesimbi, uye kurasikirwa kwechigadzirwa chekucheka kwakakura kudarika kwesimbi yekucheka.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kuoma kwepamusoro kwe graphite zvinhu mukubuda kwekurasikirwa kwekutonga kuri nani.
4) The inherent resistivity yezvinhu
Mwero wekuburitsa we graphite zvinhu zvine yakakwira inherent resistivity inononoka pane iyo ine yakaderera resistivity.
Iyo yakakwira iyo inherent resistivity, iyo idiki yekurasikirwa kwe electrode, asi iyo yakakwirira iyo inherent resistivity, kugadzikana kwekubuda kunokanganiswa.
Parizvino, kune akawanda magiredhi akasiyana-siyana anowanikwa kubva kune vanotungamira pasi rose vanotengesa magirafu.
Kazhinji maererano neavhareji yepakati dhayamita ye graphite zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuiswa, chidimbu dhayamita ≤ 4 m inotsanangurwa seyakanaka graphite, zvidimbu mu5 ~ 10 m inotsanangurwa sepakati graphite, zvimedu mu 10 m kumusoro zvinotsanangurwa seyakakura graphite.
Iyo diki iyo chidimbu dhayamita ndeye, iyo inodhura iyo zvinhu, iyo yakanyanya kufanirwa graphite zvinhu inogona kusarudzwa maererano nezvinodiwa uye mutengo weEDM.
3.Kugadzirwa kwe graphite electrode
Iyo graphite electrode inonyanya kugadzirwa nekugaya.
Kubva pakuona kwekugadzira tekinoroji, graphite nemhangura zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana, uye maitiro avo akasiyana ekucheka anofanirwa kuve nyanzvi.
Kana iyo graphite electrode ichigadziriswa nemaitiro emagetsi emhangura, matambudziko achazoitika, sekuputsika kazhinji kwepepa, izvo zvinoda kushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvakakodzera zvekucheka uye zvimiro zvekucheka.
Machining graphite electrode pane copper electrode tool kupfeka, pakufunga kwehupfumi, kusarudzwa kwecarbide chishandiso ndiko kunonyanya hupfumi, sarudza diamond yekupfekedza chishandiso (inonzi graphite banga) mutengo unodhura, asi madhaimondi ekuputira chishandiso hupenyu hurefu hwesevhisi, yakakwirira kugadzirisa chaiyo, kubatsirika kwehupfumi kwese kwakanaka.
Saizi yekumberi Angle yechishandiso inokanganisawo hupenyu hwayo hwesevhisi, iyo 0 ° yekumberi Angle yechishandiso ichakwira kusvika 50% yakakwira kupfuura iyo 15 ° yekumberi Angle yehupenyu hwesevhisi, kucheka kugadzikana kuri nani, asi iyo yakakura iyo Angle, zviri nani iyo machining pamusoro, kushandiswa kwe15 ° Angle yechishandiso kunogona kuwana yakanakisa machining pamusoro.
Iko kumhanya kwekucheka mukugadzira kunogona kugadziriswa maererano nechimiro che electrode, kazhinji 10m / min, yakafanana nekugadzirwa kwealuminium kana plastiki, chigadziro chekucheka chinogona kuva chakananga uye kunze kwechigadziro chekushanda mu rough machining, uye chiitiko cheAngle. kudonha uye kupatsanurwa zviri nyore kuitika mukupedzisa machining, uye nzira yekureruka banga kufamba nekukurumidza inogamuchirwa.
Graphite electrode mukucheka inoburitsa guruva rakawanda, kuitira kudzivirira graphite zvimedu zvinofemerwa muchina spindle uye screw, pane maviri makuru mhinduro parizvino, imwe ndeye kushandisa yakakosha graphite yekugadzirisa muchina, imwe yacho ndiyo yakajairwa kugadzirisa nzvimbo. refit, yakashongedzerwa nechinhu chakakosha chekuunganidza guruva.
Iyo yakakosha graphite yekumhanyisa milling muchina pamusika ine yakakwira milling inoshanda uye inogona kupedzisa zviri nyore kugadzira kwema electrode akaomarara nehupamhi hwepamusoro uye yakanaka yemhando yepamusoro.
Kana EDM ichidikanwa kuita graphite electrode, inokurudzirwa kushandisa yakanaka graphite zvinhu nediki particle diameter.
Iyo machining performance yegraphite haina kunaka, iyo diki dhayamita yechidimbu ndiyo, iyo yakakwirira yekucheka kugona kunogona kuwanikwa, uye matambudziko asina kujairika akadai sekugara achipwanya waya uye mupendero wepamusoro anogona kudzivirirwa.
4.EDM parameters ye graphite electrode
Kusarudzwa kwe EDM parameters ye graphite nemhangura yakasiyana chaizvo.
Izvo zviyero zveEDM zvinonyanya kusanganisira ikozvino, pulse width, pulse gap uye polarity.
Inotevera inotsanangura hwaro hwekushandisa zvine musoro kweaya maparamendi makuru.
Ikozvino density ye graphite electrode inowanzoita 10 ~ 12 A/cm2, yakakura kudarika iyo ye electrode yemhangura. Nokudaro, mukati mehuwandu hwemazuva ano hunobvumirwa munzvimbo inopindirana, iyo yakakura inosarudzwa, iyo inokurumidza kukurumidza kukurumidza kukurumidza kwe graphite discharge processing, iyo idiki kurasikirwa kwe electrode kuchava, asi kusvibiswa kwepamusoro kuchave kwakakura.
Iyo yakakura iyo pulse hupamhi ndeye, yakaderera iyo kurasikirwa kwe electrode kuchave.
Nekudaro, yakakura pulse hupamhi ichaita kuti kugadzikana kwekugadzirisa kuwedzere, uye kumhanya kwekugadzirisa kunonoke uye nepamusoro rougher.
Kuti uone kurasikirwa kwakaderera kwemagetsi panguva yekugadzira hutsinye, hupamhi hwepurusi hwakakura hunowanzo shandiswa, hunogona kunyatsoona kurasikirwa kwakaderera kwemagetsi egraphite kana kukosha kuri pakati pe100 ne300 US.
Kuti uwane yakanaka yepamusoro uye yakagadzikana yekuburitsa mhedzisiro, diki pulse upamhi hunofanira kusarudzwa.
Kazhinji, kupururudza kwe graphite electrode kunenge 40% pasi peiyo yemhangura electrode.
Iyo pulse gap inonyanya kukanganisa kuburitsa machining kumhanya uye machining kugadzikana. Iyo yakakura kukosha, zvirinani kugadzikana kwemuchina kuchava, izvo zvinobatsira pakuwana zvirinani pamusoro pekufanana, asi kumhanya kwekugadzira kuchaderedzwa.
Pasi pemamiriro ekuvimbisa kugadzikana kwekugadzirisa, kushanda kwepamusoro-soro kunogona kuwanikwa nekusarudza diki pfupa gap, asi kana mamiriro ekubuda asina kugadzikana, kushanda kwepamusoro kwekugadzirisa kunogona kuwanikwa nekusarudza gap guru repulse.
Mu graphite electrode discharge machining, pulse gap uye pulse width inowanzoiswa pa1: 1, nepo mumhangura electrode machining, pulse gap uye pulse width zvinowanzoiswa pa1: 3.
Pasi pekugadzika kwegraphite processing, chiyero chekufananidza pakati pepulse gap uye pulse wide inogona kugadziridzwa kusvika 2:3.
Muchiitiko chechidiki chekuputika, zvinobatsira kuumba chifukidzo chekuvhara panzvimbo ye electrode, iyo inobatsira kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemagetsi.
Iyo polarity kusarudzwa kwe graphite electrode muEDM inonyanya kufanana neyemhangura electrode.
Zvinoenderana neiyo polarity effect yeEDM, yakanaka polarity machining inowanzoshandiswa pakugadzira simbi inofa, ndiko kuti, iyo electrode yakabatana kune yakanaka danda remagetsi, uye workpiece yakabatana kune yakaipa danda remagetsi.
Uchishandisa yakakura ikozvino uye pulse hupamhi, kusarudza yakanaka polarity machining inogona kuwana yakaderera yakaderera electrode kurasikirwa. Kana iyo polarity isiriyo, kurasikirwa kwe electrode kuchava kukuru kwazvo.
Chete kana iyo yepamusoro ichidikanwa kuti igadziriswe zvakanaka zvishoma pane VDI18 (Ra0.8 m) uye pulse hupamhi idiki kwazvo, iyo yakaipa polarity processing inoshandiswa kuti iwane kunaka kwepamusoro, asi kurasikirwa kwe electrode kwakakura.
Iye zvino CNC edM muchina maturusi ane graphite discharge machining paramita.
Iko kushandiswa kwemagetsi parameter kune hungwaru uye inogona kugadzirwa otomatiki nehunyanzvi sisitimu yemuchina wemuchina.
Kazhinji, muchina unogona kugadzirisa optimized processing parameters nekusarudza zvinhu zviviri, rudzi rwemashandisirwo, kukosha kwepamusoro uye kuisa nzvimbo yekugadzirisa, kudzika kwekugadzirisa, electrode size scaling, etc. Panguva yepurogiramu.
Seti yegraphite electrode yeedm muchina chishandiso raibhurari yakapfuma yekugadzirisa paramita, iyo yemhando yemhando inogona kusarudza mune coarse graphite, graphite, graphite inoenderana neyakasiyana-siyana yebasa rekushandisa, kupatsanura rudzi rwekunyorera chiyero, yakadzika groove, inopinza nzvimbo, hombe. nzvimbo, mhango hombe, yakadai seyakanaka, inopawo kurasikirwa kwakaderera, chiyero, kugona kwakanyanya uye zvichingodaro pamhando dzakawanda dzekugadzirisa sarudzo yekutanga.
5. Mhedziso
Iyo itsva graphite electrode zvinhu zvakakosha kufarirwa nesimba uye zvakanakira zvaro zvichazivikanwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvinogamuchirwa neindasitiri yekugadzira mold.
Iko kusarudzwa kwakaringana kwegraphite electrode zvinhu uye kuvandudzwa kweanoenderana tekinoroji zvinongedzo zvinounza hunyanzvi hwepamusoro, mhando yepamusoro uye yakaderera mutengo wekubatsira kumabhizinesi ekugadzira mold.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-04-2020