1. Hunhu hweEDM hwezvinhu zvegrafiti.
1.1. Kumhanya kwemuchina wekuburitsa simba.
Graphite chinhu chisina simbi chine nzvimbo yekunyunguduka yakakwira ye3,650 ° C, nepo mhangura ine nzvimbo yekunyunguduka ye1,083 ° C, saka graphite electrode inogona kumira mamiriro ekunze akakura.
Kana nzvimbo yekubuditsa uye saizi yeelectrode yakakura, zvakanakira zvekugadzira graphite zvine simba rakawanda zvinoonekwa zvakanyanya.
Kupisa kwegraphite kunosvika 1/3 yemhangura, uye kupisa kunobva panguva yekuburitsa simbi kunogona kushandiswa kubvisa zvinhu zvesimbi zvinobudirira. Nokudaro, kushanda zvakanaka kwegraphite kwakakwira kupfuura kushanda zvakanaka kweelectrode yemhangura mukugadzirisa kwepakati nepakati.
Zvichienderana neruzivo rwekugadzirisa, kumhanya kwekugadzirisa graphite electrode nekukurumidza ka1.5 ~ 2 kupfuura kwecopper electrode kana yashandiswa nemazvo.
1.2.Kushandiswa kwemaerekitiroti.
Graphite electrode ine hunhu hunogona kutsungirira mamiriro emagetsi akakwira, pamusoro pezvo, pasi pemamiriro ekugadzirisa kwakakodzera, kusanganisira simbi yekabhoni inogadzirwa panguva yekubvisa machining muzviri mukati uye mvura inoshanda pakuora kwekabhoni pakupisa kwakanyanya, polarity effect, pasi pechiito chekubvisa zvishoma muzviri mukati, carbon particles dzichanamatira pamusoro pe electrode kuti dzigadzire layer inodzivirira, kuve nechokwadi chekuti graphite electrode iri mukurasikirwa kudiki mukugadzira kwakashata, kana kunyangwe "zero waste".
Kurasikirwa kukuru kwema electrode muEDM kunobva mukugadzira zvinhu zvisina kunaka. Kunyangwe kurasikirwa kuri kwakakwira mumamiriro ekugadzirisa, kurasikirwa kwese kwakadererawo nekuda kwemari shoma yekushanda kwekugadzira zvinhu yakachengeterwa zvikamu.
Kazhinji, kurasikirwa kwe graphite electrode kushoma pane kurasikirwa kwe copper electrode mu rough machining ye large current uye kwakakura zvishoma pane kurasikirwa kwe copper electrode mu finishing machining. Kurasikirwa kwe graphite electrode ye electrode kwakafanana.
1.3. Hunhu hwepamusoro.
Dhayamita yezvidimbu zvegrafiti inokanganisa zvakananga kuomarara kwepamusoro peEDM. Dhayamita yacho idiki, kuomarara kwepamusoro kunogona kuwanikwawo.
Makore mashoma apfuura tichishandisa zvinhu zvegraphite zve particle phi 5 microns mudhayamita, nzvimbo yakanakisa inogona kungoita VDI18 edm (Ra0.8 microns), mazuva ano dhayamita yezvinhu zvegraphite yakakwanisa kusvika mukati me3 microns yephi, nzvimbo yakanakisa inogona kusvika VDI12 edm yakagadzikana (Ra0.4 mu m) kana nhanho yakanyanya kuomarara, asi graphite electrode inoita mirror edm.
Zvinhu zvemhangura hazvina simba rakawanda uye chimiro chakasimba, uye zvinogona kugadziriswa zvakanaka mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Kuoma kwenzvimbo yacho kunogona kunge kuri pasi peRa0.1 m, uye kunogona kugadziriswa negirazi.
Saka, kana michina yekuburitsa mvura ichitsvaga nzvimbo yakatetepa zvakanyanya, zvinonyanya kukodzera kushandisa zvinhu zvemhangura se electrode, inova ndiyo mukana mukuru we electrode yemhangura pane graphite electrode.
Asi electrode yemhangura pasi pemamiriro ekugadzika kwemagetsi makuru, pamusoro peelectrode iri nyore kuva yakaoma, inoonekwa kunyange yakatsemuka, uye zvinhu zvegrafiti hazvingavi nedambudziko iri, chinodiwa chekuoma kwepamusoro kweVDI26 (Ra2.0 microns) nezvekugadzirisa chakuvhuvhu, uchishandisa graphite electrode inogona kuitwa kubva pakuoma kusvika pakugadziriswa kwakanaka, inoona mhedzisiro yepamusoro yakafanana, zvikanganiso zvepamusoro.
Pamusoro pezvo, nekuda kwechimiro chakasiyana chegraphite nemhangura, nzvimbo yekuora inobuda pamusoro pegraphite electrode inowanzo shandiswa kupfuura yecopper electrode. Saka, kana roughness yakafanana yeVDI20 kana kupfuura ikagadziriswa, granularity yepamusoro peworkpiece inogadziriswa negraphite electrode inoonekwa zvakanyanya, uye mhedzisiro iyi yegrain surface iri nani pane mhedzisiro yecopper electrode inobuda pamusoro.
1.4. Kururama kwemuchina.
Kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwemafuta egrafiti mumafuta kudiki, kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwemafuta emhangura mumafuta egrafiti kwakapetwa ka4 pane kwemafuta egrafiti, saka mukugadzirisa kwekuburitsa mafuta, graphite electrode hainyanyi kukanganiswa nekuchinja kwemafuta kupfuura electrode yemhangura, iyo inogona kuwana kunyatsogadzikana uye kwakavimbika kwekugadzirisa.
Kunyanya kana mbabvu dzakadzika uye dzakamanikana dzichigadziriswa, tembiricha yepamusoro yemunzvimbo inoita kuti electrode yemhangura ikotame zviri nyore, asi electrode yegrafiti haikotami.
Kune electrode yemhangura ine chiyero chikuru chehupamhi hwepakadzika, kukosha kwekuwedzera kwekupisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kuti kugadzirise saizi panguva yekugadzira machining, nepo graphite electrode isingadiwi.
1.5. Huremu hwemaerekitirodhi.
Zvinhu zvegrafiti hazvina kukora zvakanyanya kupfuura mhangura, uye huremu hwe graphite electrode yehuwandu hwakafanana ichikamu chimwe chete kubva muzvishanu zve electrode yemhangura.
Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kushandisa graphite kwakakodzera electrode ine huwandu hwakawanda, izvo zvinoderedza zvakanyanya mutoro wespindle yemudziyo weEDM. Electrode haizokonzere kusagadzikana pakusunga nekuda kwehuremu hwayo hukuru, uye ichaita kuti kutsauka kuenderere mberi mukugadzirisa, nezvimwewo. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti zvakakosha kushandisa graphite electrode mukugadzirisa mold zvakanyanya.
1.6. Kuoma kwekugadzira maerekitirodhi.
Kushanda zvakanaka kwekushandisa graphite machinery. Kudzivirira kucheka kwe graphite electrode kunongova 1/4 chete kupfuura brass. Kana graphite electrode ikagadzirwa zvakanaka, kushanda zvakanaka kwebrass graphite electrode kunopfuura 2-3 kupfuura brass electrode.
Electrode yeGraphite iri nyore kubvisa Angle, uye inogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa workpiece iyo inofanira kupedzwa nemaelectrode akawanda kuita electrode imwe chete.
Maumbirwo akasiyana ezvimedu zvegrafiti anodzivirira maburi kuti asaitike mushure mekugayiwa nekugadzirwa kweelectrode, izvo zvinogona kusangana zvakananga nezvinodiwa zvekushandiswa kana maburi asingabviswi nyore nyore mumuenzaniso wakaoma, nokudaro zvichibvisa maitiro ekupukuta eelectrode nemaoko uye kudzivirira kushanduka kwechimiro nekukura kunokonzerwa nekupukuta.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, sezvo graphite iri guruva, graphite yekugaya inoburitsa guruva rakawanda, saka muchina wekugaya unofanirwa kunge uine chisimbiso nemudziyo wekuunganidza guruva.
Kana zvichidikanwa kushandisa edM kugadzirisa graphite electrode, mashandiro ayo ekugadzirisa haana kunaka sezvinhu zvemhangura, kumhanya kwekucheka kunononoka ne40% pane mhangura.
1.7. Kuiswa uye kushandiswa kwema electrode.
Zvinhu zveGraphite zvine hunhu hwakanaka hwekubatanidza. Zvinogona kushandiswa kubatanidza graphite nechishandiso nekukuya electrode nekuburitsa, izvo zvinogona kuchengetedza mashandiro ekugadzira screw buri pachinhu cheelectrode uye kuchengetedza nguva yekushanda.
Zvinhu zvegrafiti hazvina kunyatsosimba, kunyanya electrode diki, yakamanikana uye yakareba, iyo iri nyore kutyoka kana ikashandiswa nesimba rekunze, asi inogona kuziva pakarepo kuti electrode yakakuvara.
Kana iri electrode yemhangura, inokotama chete isingatyoke, izvo zvine njodzi uye zvakaoma kuwana panguva yekushandiswa, uye zvinozokonzera nyore nyore kuparadzwa kwechinhu chebasa.
1.8. Mutengo.
Zvinhu zvemhangura hazvidzokororwi, mitengo yacho ichawedzera kudhura, ukuwo mutengo wezvinhu zvegrafiti uchigara wakadzikama.
Mutengo wezvinhu zvemhangura wakakwira mumakore achangopfuura, vagadziri vakuru vegrafiti vachivandudza maitiro ekugadzira graphite vanoita mukana wayo wekukwikwidza, ikozvino, pasi pehuwandu hwakafanana, huwandu hwemutengo wezvinhu zvegrafiti electrode uye mutengo wezvinhu zvemhangura electrode hwakakwana, asi graphite inogona kuwana kugadziriswa kwakanaka, kupfuura kushandiswa kwe electrode yemhangura kuchengetedza maawa akawanda ekushanda, zvakaenzana nekuderedza mutengo wekugadzira zvakananga.
Muchidimbu, pakati pe8 edM hunhu hwe graphite electrode, zvakanakira zvayo zviri pachena: kushanda zvakanaka kwe electrode yekugaya uye kugadzirisa discharge kuri nani zvikuru kupfuura kwe electrode yemhangura; electrode hombe ine huremu hudiki, kugadzikana kwakanaka, electrode yakatetepa haisi nyore kuchinjika, uye magadzirirwo epamusoro ari nani pane electrode yemhangura.
Dambudziko rekushandisa girafiti nderekuti harina kukodzera kugadzirwa kwechinhu chinoburitsa mvura pamusoro pevhu pasi peVDI12 (Ra0.4 m), uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekushandisa edM kugadzira electrode kwakaderera.
Zvisinei, kubva pakuona kwazvinoita, chimwe chezvikonzero zvakakosha zvinokanganisa kusimudzirwa kwezvinhu zvegraphite muChina ndechekuti muchina wekugadzira graphite wakakosha unodiwa kuma electrodes ekugaya, izvo zvinopa zvinodiwa zvitsva zvekugadzirisa michina yemakambani ekugadzira mold, mamwe mabhizinesi madiki anogona kunge asina dambudziko iri.
Kazhinji, zvakanakira ma electrode e graphite zvinofukidza huwandu hwakawanda hwezviitiko zve edM, uye zvakakodzera kuti vanhu vakawanda vazvishandise, uye zvinobatsira kwenguva refu. Kushaikwa kwekugadzirisa nzvimbo dzakatetepa kunogona kugadziriswa nekushandisa ma electrode emhangura.
2.Sarudzo yezvinhu zve graphite electrode zve EDM
Pazvinhu zvegrafiti, pane zviratidzo zvina zvinotevera zvinosarudza zvakananga mashandiro ezvinhu:
1) Avhareji yedhayamita yezvinhu
Avhareji yedhayamita yezvikamu zvechinhu ichi inokanganisa zvakananga mamiriro ekubuda kwechinhu chacho.
Kana avhareji yezvidimbu zvegrafiti zvikave zvidiki, kubuda kwacho kwakafanana, mamiriro ekubuda kwacho akasimba, kunaka kwepamusoro kunowedzera, uye kurasikirwa kwacho kushoma.
Kana avhareji yehukuru hwezvimedu yakakura, mwero wekubvisa unogona kuwanikwa mukugadzira zvisina kunaka, asi mhedzisiro yekupedzisa pamusoro haina kunaka uye kurasikirwa kweelectrode kwakakura.
2) Simba rekukombama rechinhu chacho
Simba rekuchinjika kwechinhu rinoratidza simba racho zvakananga, zvichiratidza kusimba kwechimiro chayo chemukati.
Chinhu chine simba guru chine simba rakanaka rekudzivirira kubuda kwechinhu. Kune electrode ine magadzirirwo akanyanya, chinhu chine simba rakanaka chinofanira kusarudzwa zvakanyanya.
3) Kuomarara kwegungwa kwezvinhu
Graphite yakaoma kupfuura zvinhu zvesimbi, uye kurasikirwa kwechinhu chekucheka kwakakura kupfuura kurasikirwa kwesimbi yekucheka.
Panguva imwe chete, kuomarara kwakanyanya kwezvinhu zvegraphite mukutonga kurasikirwa kwekubuda kuri nani.
4) Kudzivirira kwechinhu chacho
Kubuda kwegirafiti yezvinhu zvine resistivity yakakura kuchanonoka kupfuura kuburitswa kwegirafiti ine resistivity yakaderera.
Kana simba rekudzivirira simba remagetsi rakwira, kurasikirwa kwemagetsi kudiki, asi kana simba rekudzivirira simba remagetsi rakwira, kugadzikana kwekubuda kwemagetsi kuchakanganiswa.
Parizvino, kune mhando dzakasiyana dzegirafiti dziripo kubva kuvatengesi vegirafiti vanotungamira pasi rose.
Kazhinji zvichienderana neavhareji yedhayamita yezvidimbu zvegrafiti zvinofanira kupatsanurwa, dhayamita yezvidimbu ≤ 4 m inotsanangurwa segrafiti yakanaka, zvidimbu zviri mu5 ~ 10 m zvinotsanangurwa segirafiti yepakati, zvidimbu zviri mu10 m pamusoro zvinotsanangurwa segirafiti yakaoma.
Kana dhayamita yezvidimbu zvidiki, zvinodhura zvakanyanya, girafiti yakakodzera inogona kusarudzwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa uye mutengo weEDM.
3. Kugadzira graphite electrode
Electrode yegrafiti inonyanya kugadzirwa nekugaya.
Kubva pakuona kwetekinoroji yekugadzirisa, graphite nemhangura zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana, uye hunhu hwazvo hwekucheka hwakasiyana hunofanira kunzwisiswa.
Kana graphite electrode ikagadziriswa ne copper electrode, matambudziko anozoitika, akadai sekupwanyika kwepepa nguva nenguva, izvo zvinoda kushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvekucheka zvakakodzera uye parameters dzekucheka.
Kugadzira graphite electrode kupfuura mhangura electrode chishandiso chakasakara, zvichienderana nehupfumi, sarudzo yecarbide chishandiso ndiyo inodhura zvakanyanya, sarudza dhaimani coating chishandiso (chinonzi graphite banga) mutengo unodhura, asi dhaimani coating chishandiso chine hupenyu hurefu, high processing chaiyo, uye hupfumi hwese hunobatsira.
Saizi yeAngle yepamberi yechishandiso inokanganisawo hupenyu hwayo hwekushanda, Angle yepamberi ye0° yemudziyo ichave yakakwira kusvika 50% kupfuura Angle yepamberi yemudziyo webasa we15°, kugadzikana kwekucheka kuri naniwo, asi kana Angle yakakura, nzvimbo yekugadzira iri nani, kushandisa Angle ye15° yemudziyo kunogona kuita kuti nzvimbo yekugadzira ive yakanakisa.
Kumhanya kwekucheka mukugadzira kunogona kugadziriswa zvichienderana nechimiro cheelectrode, kazhinji 10m/min, zvakafanana nekugadzira aruminiyamu kana purasitiki, chishandiso chekucheka chinogona kuvhurwa zvakananga uye kubva pachinhu chebasa mukugadzira zvisina kunaka, uye chiitiko chekudonha kweAngle nekupwanyika kuri nyore kuitika mukugadzira, uye nzira yekufamba nekukurumidza nebanga diki inowanzo shandiswa.
Graphite electrode pakucheka ichaburitsa guruva rakawanda, kuitira kudzivirira zvidimbu zvegraphite zvinofemedzwa nemuchina wespindle ne screw, pane mhinduro mbiri huru parizvino, imwe ndeyekushandisa muchina wekugadzira graphite wakakosha, imwe ndiyo nzvimbo yekugadzirisa yakajairika, ine mudziyo wekuunganidza guruva wakakosha.
Muchina wekugadzira unokurumidza we graphite uri pamusika une hunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwekugaya uye unogona kupedzisa kugadzirwa kwema electrodes akaomarara zviri nyore neunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye hwemhando yepamusoro.
Kana EDM ichidiwa kugadzira graphite electrode, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa graphite material yakanaka ine dhayamita diki.
Kushanda zvakanaka kwe graphite mukugadzira kwakashata, dhayamita yezvikamu zvidiki iri diki, kushanda zvakanaka kwekucheka kunogona kuwanikwa, uye matambudziko asina kujairika akadai sekupwanyika kwewaya kakawanda uye miganhu yepamusoro anogona kudzivirirwa.
4.EDM parameters ye graphite electrode
Kusarudzwa kwezvikamu zveEDM zvegraphite nemhangura kwakasiyana zvikuru.
Zviyero zveEDM zvinosanganisira magetsi, upamhi hwepulse, gap yepulse uye polarity.
Zvinotevera zvinotsanangura hwaro hwekushandiswa zvine musoro kwezviyero zvikuru izvi.
Kuwanda kwe graphite electrode kunowanzova 10~12 A/cm2, yakakura kupfuura electrode yemhangura. Saka, mukati mehuwandu hwemagetsi anobvumirwa munzvimbo inoenderana, simba remagetsi rinosarudzwa rakakura, kukurumidza kwekugadzirisa graphite discharge kuchawedzera, kurasikirwa kwe electrode kuchava kudiki, asi kuomarara kwepamusoro kuchava kwakakora.
Kana pulse yakafara, kurasikirwa kweelectrode kuchava kwakaderera.
Zvisinei, hupamhi hwekurova kwemoyo hwakakura huchaita kuti kugadzikana kwekugadzirisa kuwedzere kuipa, uye kumhanya kwekugadzirisa kunononoka uye pamusoro pacho pakaomarara.
Kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti electrode yakarasika zvishoma panguva yekugadzira rough machining, pulse width yakakura inowanzo shandiswa, iyo inogona kuita kuti graphite electrode irasike zvishoma kana kukosha kwayo kuri pakati pe100 ne300 US.
Kuti pave nepamusoro pakanaka uye pave nemhedzisiro yakagadzikana yekubuda kweropa, panofanira kusarudzwa upamhi hudiki hwekurova kwemoyo.
Kazhinji, upamhi hwepulse ye graphite electrode hushoma ne40% pane hwe electrode yemhangura.
Mukana wekurova kwemoyo unonyanya kukanganisa kumhanya kwemuchina wekuburitsa zvinhu uye kugadzikana kwemuchina. Kana kukosha kwacho kwakakura, kugadzikana kwemuchina kuchava kwakanyanya, izvo zvinobatsira kuti pave nekufanana kwepamusoro, asi kumhanya kwemuchina kuchaderedzwa.
Kana paine kugadzikana kwekugadzirisa, kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzirisa kunogona kuwanikwa nekusarudza mukana mudiki wekurova kwemoyo, asi kana mamiriro ekuburitsa asina kugadzikana, kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzirisa kunogona kuwanikwa nekusarudza mukana mukuru wekurova kwemoyo.
Mukugadzira ma electrode e graphite discharge, pulse gap ne pulse width zvinowanzoiswa pa 1:1, nepo mukugadzira ma electrode e copper, pulse gap ne pulse width zvinowanzoiswa pa 1:3.
Kana graphite yakagadziriswa zvakanaka, chiyero chekufananidza pakati pemugero wepulse nehupamhi hwepulse chinogona kugadziriswa kusvika pa2:3.
Kana pulse clearance iri diki, zvinobatsira kugadzira jira rekufukidza pamusoro pe electrode, izvo zvinobatsira kuderedza kurasikirwa kwe electrode.
Kusarudzwa kwe polarity ye graphite electrode mu EDM kwakafanana nekwe electrode yemhangura.
Zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yepolarity yeEDM, positive polarity machining inowanzo shandiswa pakugadzira simbi, kureva kuti, electrode yakabatana nepole yakanaka yesimba remagetsi, uye workpiece yakabatana nepole yakaipa yesimba remagetsi.
Uchishandisa current yakakura uye pulse width, kusarudza positive polarity machining kunogona kuita kuti electrode irasikirwe zvakanyanya. Kana polarity isiriyo, electrode irasikirwe zvakanyanya.
Kana chete pamusoro pechinhu panodiwa kuti chigadzirwe zvakanaka pasi peVDI18 (Ra0.8 m) uye upamhi hwepulse hudiki kwazvo, polarity processing inoshandiswa kuwana kunaka kwepamusoro, asi kurasikirwa kweelectrode kwakakura.
Iye zvino maturusi emuchina weCNC edM ane maparamita ekugadzira graphite discharge.
Kushandiswa kwema parameter emagetsi kwakangwara uye kunogona kugadzirwa otomatiki nehurongwa hwehunyanzvi hwemuchina.
Kazhinji, muchina unogona kugadzirisa maparamita ekugadzirisa akagadziridzwa nekusarudza peya yezvinhu, rudzi rwekushandisa, kukosha kwekukombama kwepamusoro uye kuisa nzvimbo yekugadzirisa, kudzika kwekugadzirisa, kukura kwehukuru hwemaelektrode, nezvimwewo. Panguva yekuronga.
Yakaiswa graphite electrode yeEDM machine tool raibhurari ine hupfumi hwekugadzirisa maparamita, mhando yezvinhu inogona kusarudza mu graphite yakaoma, graphite, graphite inoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu zvebasa, kuti igovanise mhando yekushandiswa kwe standard, deep groove, sharp point, hombe area, hombe cavity, senge fine, inopawo kurasikirwa kwakaderera, standard, high efficiency nezvimwewo.
5. Mhedziso
Zvinhu zvitsva zve graphite electrode zvakakodzera kufarirwa zvakanyanya uye zvakanakira zvichazozivikanwa zvishoma nezvishoma neindasitiri yekugadzira mold yemuno.
Kusarudzwa kwakakodzera kwezvinhu zve graphite electrode uye kuvandudzwa kwezvinobatanidza tekinoroji zvine chekuita nazvo zvichaunza mabhenefiti epamusoro, emhando yepamusoro uye asingadhuri kumabhizinesi ekugadzira mold.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-04-2020