"Kugoverwa kwesimba" kwave kuri nyaya inopisa muChina kubvira munaGunyana. Chikonzero che "kugoverwa kwesimba" kusimudzirwa kwechinangwa che "kusapindira kwekabhoni" uye kudzora kushandiswa kwesimba. Pamusoro pezvo, kubva pakutanga kwegore rino, kune nhau dzakasiyana-siyana dzemitengo yezvinhu zvemakemikari dzakabuda imwe mushure meimwe, pakati padzo graphite electrode, chinhu chakakosha muindasitiri yesimbi, hachina kutariswa zvakanyanya kubva kumusika gore rino, uye indasitiri yesimbi nekusapindira kwekabhoni.
Cheni yeindasitiri: inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira simbi
Graphite electrode rudzi rwezvinhu zvinofambisa graphite zvinodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya, graphite electrode inogona kuita magetsi nemagetsi, kuitira kuti inyungudise simbi muchoto chekuputika kana zvimwe zvinhu zvakagadzirwa kuti igadzire simbi nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvesimbi, zvinonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira simbi. Graphite electrode rudzi rwezvinhu zvine resistivity yakaderera uye kuramba kupisa muchoto chemagetsi. Hunhu hukuru hwekugadzira graphite electrode kutenderera kwenguva refu kwekugadzira (kazhinji kunogara kwemwedzi mitatu kusvika mishanu), kushandiswa kwesimba rakawanda uye maitiro akaoma ekugadzira.
Mamiriro echeni ye graphite electrode muindasitiri:
Graphite electrode industry chain upstream raw materials kunyanya yepetroleum coke, needle coke, chikamu chezvinhu zvakagadziriswa chinosanganisira graphite electrode production cost yakakura, inodarika 65%, nekuda kwetekinoroji yekugadzira needle coke yeChina netekinoroji zvichienzaniswa neJapan nedzimwe nyika kuchine mukaha mukuru, mhando yeneedle coke yemumba yakaoma kuona, saka kuvimba kweChina neneedle coke yemhando yepamusoro kuchiri pamusoro, Muna 2018, huwandu hwese hweneedle coke muChina hwaive matani 418,000, ayo matani 218,000 akaunzwa, achiverengera anopfuura 50%. Kushandiswa kukuru kwegraphite electrodes pasi kuri mukugadzira simbi ye eAF.
Electrode yeGraphite inonyanya kushandiswa mukunyungudutsa simbi nesimbi. Kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri ye electrode yeGraphite muChina kunoenderana nekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yesimbi nesimbi yeChina. Electrode yeGraphite yeChina yakatanga kuma1950. Warburg Securities yakakamura kukura kwe electrode yeGraphite muChina muzvikamu zvitatu:
1. Yakatanga kuvandudza muna 1995 — kugadzirwa kwakawanda muna 2011;
2. Kusiyanisa kwemakambani kwakawedzera muna 2013 — hupfumi hwakavandudzika zvakanyanya muna 2017;
3. Gore ra2018 riri kudzikira zvikuru — hondo dzemitengo dziri kutanga muna 2019.
Kuwanikwa uye kudiwa: kudiwa kwesimbi yechoto chemagetsi kunoverengera ruzhinji
Panyaya yekubuda uye kushandiswa, zvichienderana neongororo yaFrost Sullivan, kugadzirwa kwema graphite electrodes muChina kwakaderera kubva pa 0.53 miriyoni matani muna 2015 kusvika pa 0.50 miriyoni matani muna 2016, zvichiratidza kudzikira. Muna 2020, denda iri rakakanganisa mashandiro evagadziri nekuda kwezvirambidzo zvemaneja pamaawa ekushanda, kukanganiswa kwevashandi uye shanduko mumafambisirwo ekushanda.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, kugadzirwa kwema graphite electrodes muChina kwadzikira zvakanyanya. Inotarisira kuti kugadzirwa kuchasvika 1,142.6 kilotons muna 2025, ne cagR inosvika 9.7% kubva muna 2020 kusvika 2025, sezvo mashandiro achitangazve uye rutsigiro rwemaneja rwekusimudzira simbi ye eAF.
Saka ndiko kubuda, uye kushandiswa. Kushandiswa kwema electrode eGraphite muChina kwakatanga kuwedzera kubva muna 2016, kusvika pamatani mamiriyoni 0.59 muna 2020, ne cagR ye10.3% kubva muna 2015 kusvika 2020. Kushandiswa kwema electrode eGraphite kunotarisirwa kusvika pamatani mamiriyoni 0.94 muna 2025. Pasi apa pane fungidziro yakadzama yesangano yekugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwema electrode eGraphite.
Kubuda kwe graphite electrode kunoenderana nekwe EAF steel. Kukura kwe EAF steel output kuchasimudzira kudiwa kwe graphite electrode mune ramangwana. China yakagadzira matani mamiriyoni 127.4 e steel eaf uye matani 742,100 e graphite electrodes muna 2019, sekureva kweWorld Iron and Steel Association neChina Carbon Industry Association. Kubuda uye kukura kwe graphite electrode muChina zvine hukama hwakanyanya nekubuda uye kukura kwe eAF steel muChina.
Muna 2019 na2020, kudiwa kwesimbi ye eAF nesimbi isiri ye EAF pasi rose kwaive matani 1.376,800 uye matani 1.472,300 zvichiteerana. Warburg Securities inofanotaura kuti kudiwa kwesimbi yepasi rose kuchawedzera mumakore mashanu anotevera uye kuchasvika matani angangoita 2.104,400 muna 2025. Kudiwa kwesimbi yemagetsi inogadzirwa nechoto kunoumba ruzhinji, iyo inofungidzirwa kusvika matani 1,809,500 muna 2025.
Zvichienzaniswa nekugadzira simbi yekupisa nemoto, kugadzira simbi yemagetsi ine mabhenefiti akajeka mukuburitsa kabhoni. Zvichienzaniswa nekugadzira simbi yesimbi, kugadzira simbi ine tani imwe yesimbi yakachekwa kunogona kuderedza matani 1.6 emhepo inoburitsa kabhoni dioksijeni uye matani matatu emhepo inoburitsa marara akaomarara. Vanoongorora nezvekutengesa vanoti simbi yemagetsi nesimbi yekupisa nemoto patani imwe yemhepo inoburitsa kabhoni muchikamu che0.5:1.9. Vanoongorora nezvekutengesa vakati, "kuvandudzwa kwesimbi yekupisa nemoto kunofanira kunge kuri iko kwakajairika."
Muna Chivabvu, Bazi reIndasitiri neTekinoroji yeRuzivo rakaburitsa Chiziviso pamusoro peKushandiswa kweNzira dzekutsiva Unyanzvi muIndasitiri yeIron neSimbi, icho chakatanga kushanda zviri pamutemo musi wa1 Chikumi. Matanho ekushandisa ekutsiva unyanzvi achawedzera zvakanyanya huwandu hwekutsiva simbi uye achawedzera nzvimbo dzakakosha dzekudzivirira nekudzora kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Masangano anotenda kuti nzira itsva yekutsiva unyanzvi ichawedzera kuderedza kugona kwesimbi, kusimbisa indasitiri yesimbi kugadzirisa kugona kwakawandisa. Panguva imwe chete, kushandiswa kwenzira yekutsiva yakagadziriswa kuchakurumidzisa kukura kwe eAF, uye huwandu hwesimbi ye eAF huchawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.
Electrode yeGraphite ndiyo chinhu chikuru chechoto chemagetsi, chinokurudzirwa nekudiwa kwechoto chemagetsi, kudiwa kwayo kunotarisirwa kuwedzera, electrode yegraphite inokanganiswa nemutengo wayo.
Kuchinja-chinja kwemitengo kukuru: hunhu hwenguva dzose
Kubva muna 2014 kusvika 2016, musika wepasi rose we graphite electrode wakadzikira nekuda kwekushaikwa kwezvinodiwa, uye mitengo ye graphite electrode yakaramba yakaderera. Muna 2016 nevagadziri ve graphite electrode vakaderedza kugona kwavo kwemutsetse pasi pemutengo wekugadzira, zvinhu zvemagariro evanhu zvakaderera, 2017 policy end cancel DeTiaoGang intermediate frequency furnace, nhamba huru yesimbi yakachekwa mu steel furnace, indasitiri ye graphite electrode muChina muhafu yechipiri ya2017 kudiwa kwakawedzera, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekudiwa kwe graphite electrode needle coke pamitengo yezvinhu zvakagadziriswa yakakwira zvakanyanya muna 2017, Muna 2019, yakasvika kwatiri $3,769.9 patani, yakakwira ka5.7 kubva muna 2016.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-15-2021