Njodzi Inogona Kuvapo ye "Carbon Resource War" Pakati Pekugona Kugadzirwa kweGraphitized Petroleum Coke neLithium-ion Battery Anode Materials—Asi Kusawirirana Uku Kunogona Kuenzaniswa Nesimba Kuburikidza Nekuchinjana Kwetekinoroji, Kubatanidzwa Kwezviwanikwa, uye Kugadziriswa Kwemusika. Ongororo chaiyo ndeiyi inotevera:
I. Pfungwa Huru dze“Hondo”: Kushaikwa kweZviwanikwa uye Kukura Kwekuda Kwazvo
Rutivi rwezvekushandisa: Kusimba kwechimiro muPetroleum Coke Supply
- Kuderera kweKugona Kuchenesa: Pasi pemitemo yepasi rose ye "dual carbon", nzvimbo dzekuchenesesa muEurope neUS dziri kukurumidza kubvisa simba rekare (semuenzaniso, kudzikira kwe8% pagore kwesimba rekuchenesesa muEurope muna 2024 uye chiyero chekudzikiswa kwe12% kwenzvimbo dzekuchenesesa mafuta eshale muUS), zvichikonzera kudzikira kukuru kwekuwanikwa kwe low-sulfur petroleum coke (chinhu chakakosha che lithium-ion battery anodes).
- Kuwanda kweZvipingamupinyi zveKutengeserana: Kuwanda kwezvirambidzo zvekutengesa graphite kuChina neUS kwamanikidza vagadziri veanode vekuChina kuti vatange kushandisa coke yepetroleum yemuno, zvichiwedzera kudiwa kwemafuta emuno.
- Kufungidzira Kwezvinhu Zviri Munzvimbo: Vatengesi vakaunganidza zvinhu kusvika padanho repamusoro, zvinhu zviri muchiteshi chengarava zviri kudonha kubva pamamiriyoni maviri ematani muna 2023 kusvika pa800,000 matani, zvichikonzera kushomeka kwenhema.
Rutivi rweKudiwa: Kukura Kukuru muLithium-ion Battery Anode Materials
- Kuwedzera Kwemusika: Kudiwa kwepasi rose kwezvinhu zve lithium-ion battery anode zvakasvika matani mamiriyoni 2.2 muna 2024, zvichida matani anopfuura mamiriyoni matatu e petroleum coke, asi kuwanikwa chaiko kwakamira pamatani mamiriyoni 2.6 chete, zvichisiya mukaha we13%.
- Makwikwi eNzira yeTekinoroji: Graphite yakagadzirwa (inosvika ~80% yemusika) ichiri kutonga asi inonyanya kuvimba nepetroleum coke (matani 1.2–1.5 ecoke anodiwa patani yegraphite yakagadzirwa). Kunyange zvazvo anode dzakavakirwa pasilicon (dzine simba rekufungidzira kagumi kupfuura graphite) dziri kuwana mukurumbira, kutengeserana kuchiri kure nemakore 3–5, zvichisiya pasina imwe nzira yekukurumidza kushandisa petroleum coke.
II. Zviratidzo Zvenyika Chaiyo: Mitengo Inokwira Uye Kugadziriswazve Kwemaindasitiri
Kutumira Kumanikidzwa Kwemutengo
- Kukwira Kwemitengo Yezvinhu Zvisina Kugadzirwa: Pakazosvika gore ra2025, mitengo yekare yemafuta emuchina ane sarufa shoma yakasvika paRMB 6,000/tani, kukwira kukuru ne150% kubva pakutanga kwegore ra2023. Izvi zvakaita kuti mutengo wekugadzira girafiti yakagadzirwa netani imwe chete kubva paRMB 5,000 kusvika paRMB 9,000, zvichideredza mari yose iri pasi pe10%.
- Mutengo Wakakundikana Kupfuura: Vagadziri vemabhatiri e lithium vakatevera vaida kudzikiswa kwemutengo we anode ne15%, nepo vagadziri ve anode vakasangana nenguva refu dzekubhadhara maakaundi (dzakawedzerwa kubva pamazuva makumi mapfumbamwe kusvika zana nemakumi masere), zvichiwedzera njodzi yematambudziko emari.
Maitiro Ekugadzirisa Matambudziko Eindasitiri
- Kubatanidzwa Kwakakombama: Makambani makuru akawana zvinhu zve coke ine sarufa shoma nekutenga migove mufekitori uye kutsvaga needle coke yakagadzirwa nemarasha (kudzikiswa kwemutengo ne20% zvichienzaniswa ne petroleum coke).
- Kutsiva Tekinoroji Kwakakurumidziswa:
- MaAnode Akavakirwa paSilicon: Kugadzirwa kwakawanda kweTesla kweanode dzesilicon-carbon dzemabhatiri ayo e4680 kwakawedzera huwandu hwesimba ne20%. Kana mitengo yepetroleum coke ikaramba yakakwira, kutsiva kunogona kukurumidza.
- Kubudirira kweHard Carbon: GAC Aion yakagadzira hard carbon inobva mu biomass (yakavakirwa paganda rekokonati) yemabhatiri e sodium-ion, uye zvinhu zvakabikwa zvinodhura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu che petroleum coke.
- Kuwedzera Kunze Kwenyika: Makambani akaita seBTR New Material Group neShanshan Co., Ltd. akatanga mapurojekiti akabatanidzwa ekugadzira zvinhu zveanode muIndonesia neMorocco kuti adzivise miganhu yezviwanikwa zvemuno.
III. Mafambiro Emangwana: Kuenzana Kunochinja-chinja uye Kubatana Kwenguva Refu
Rubatsiro rweNguva Pfupi rweKudiwa kweZvigadzirwa
- Kutangisa Kugona Kutsva: Kuwedzera kugona kwekugadzira zvinhu pasi rose muMiddle East neIndia (kwakarongerwa kupera kwegore ra2025) kuchaderedza musiyano wekushandiswa kwecoke ine sulfur shoma kusvika pa5%, zvichigona kuderedza mitengo.
- Kugadziriswa kweMagadzirirwo eKudiwa: Mugove wemusika wegirafiti yechisikigo wakakwira kubva pa15% kusvika pa25% (nekuda kwemitengo), nepo mugove wakabatana weanode dzesilicon-based/hard carbon wakawedzera kubva pa5% kusvika pa15%, zvichideredza kuvimba nepetroleum coke.
Kubatana Kwenguva Refu Kunotungamirirwa Netekinoroji
- Kutengeserana kweAnode Yakavakirwa paSilicon: Kana maCVD silicon-carbon anode akakwidziridzwa, kugona kwawo kwedzidziso (4,200 mAh/g) kunogona kuderedza kumanikidzwa kwemari yepetroleum coke, kunyange hazvo matambudziko akadai sekushanda zvishoma kwekutanga kwekuchaja uye kuoma kwemaitiro zvichiripo.
- Kugadzira Green neCarbon Isina Kabhoni: Kugadzira Graphitization, nzira inoshandisa simba rakawanda, inosangana nemitengo yakaoma yekushandisa simba. Kushandisa magetsi anodzivirira ganda (zuva/mhepo) kana kutengeserana necarbon credit kuchava kwakakosha pakuchengetedza mitengo yekugadzira uye kuwedzera kukosha kwezvakatipoteredza kwezvigadzirwa.
IV. Mhedziso: "Hondo" seChinosimudzira Kuvandudzwa kweMaindasitiri
"Hondo yecarbon resource" pakati pe petroleum coke nezvinhu zve lithium-ion battery anode inoita kunge iri dambudziko rekushomeka kwezviwanikwa asi, kutaura zvazviri, ndiyo nguva yekuchinja kweindasitiri kubva pakukura kukuru kuenda kumabasa e lean. Makambani ekuChina ari kubudirira kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwe vertical (refinery stakes, mhiri kwemakungwa), tekinoroji iteration (silicon-based anodes, hard carbon), uye globalization. Iyi "black gold storm" inogona kukonzera hofori dze lithium bhatiri repasi rose, mhinduro dzacho dzakavanzwa mukubudirira kunotevera kwetekinoroji (semuenzaniso, ma anode akagadzirwa nesilicon akawanda) kana kutenga zviwanikwa (semuenzaniso, kutenga refinery mhiri kwemakungwa).
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-06-2026