Chii chinonyanya kukosha chinoitwa negraphitized petroleum coke mukuita kwenguva pfupi uye kunyungudutsa kwemagetsi emagetsi pasina kabhoni yakawanda?

Mabasa Akakosha uye Kuongororwa kweGraphitized Petroleum Coke muElectric Arc Furnace (EAF) Short Process uye Low-Carbon Steelmaking

I. Zvinhu Zvikuru zveGraphite Electrodes, Zvinotsigira Kushanda Kwakanaka kweEAF Short Process

1. Hunhu hwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa uye kuenderana kwemaitiro. Graphitized petroleum coke chigadzirwa chinobva mupetroleum coke inopinzwa mu graphitization patembiricha inodarika 2,500°C, ichichinja chimiro chayo chekristaro kubva pakusava nechimiro chakafanana ne graphite kuita chimiro che graphite chakarongeka zvakanyanya. Inoratidza kufambisa kwemagetsi kwakakwira, kufambisa kwekupisa kwakanyanya, kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya (kusingapindi tembiricha inodarika 3,000°C), uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari. Hunhu uhwu hunoita kuti ive chinhu chakanakisa chekugadzira ma electrodes e graphite, ayo ari iwo ma conductive components mu EAF steelmaking.

2. Kuvandudzwa Kwekushanda Nesimba Mukugadzira Simbi Munguva Pfupi Maitiro eEAF pfupi anonyanya kushandisa simbi dzakasara sechikafu, ichinyungudutsa zvakananga uye ichioxida tsvina kuburikidza nemagetsi arcs anogadzirwa nema graphite electrodes. Kana tichienzanisa nemaitiro ekare eblast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) (anoda iron ore necoking coal), maitiro eEAF pfupi anobvisa danho rekugadzira iron, achideredza hurefu hwemaitiro neanopfuura 60%, achideredza kushandiswa kwesimba neanosvika 60%, uye achideredza CO₂ emissions neanosvika 80%. Ma graphitized petroleum coke-based high-performance graphite electrodes anoita basa guru mukuita uku:

• Kufambiswa Kwemagetsi Kwakanyanya: Kunoderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba remagetsi, kunowedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwekupisa kwearc, uye kupfupisa kutenderera kwekunyungudutsa (semuenzaniso, quantum EAFs inoderedza nguva yekunyungudutsa ne50% zvichienzaniswa nenzira dzemazuva ese).
• Kuramba Kupisa: Inotsungirira kupisa kwakanyanya mukati meEAFs, ichideredza kushandiswa kwemaelectrode (semuenzaniso, eco-EAFs inoderedza kushandiswa kwemaelectrode ne57.5% zvichienzaniswa nemaovheni echinyakare).
• Kugadzikana kweMakemikoro: Kunodzivirira kusangana pakati pemaerekitirodhi nesimbi yakanyungudutswa kana slag, zvichiita kuti simbi ive yakachena.

II. Kugadzira Simbi Isina Kabhoni Yakawanda: Kuchinja Kwegirini Kubva Pakugadzira Zvinhu Zvisina Kugadzirwa Kuenda Pakuita Maitiro

1. Kutsiva Mafuta Ezvisaririra Kuderedza Kuburitswa Kwemhepo Muitiro wekare wenguva refu unonyanya kushandiswa nemarasha semafuta uye chinhu chinodzikisa mhepo, zvichikonzera kusimba kwekabhoni kwakanyanya. Kusiyana neizvi, nzira pfupi yeEAF inoshandisa simbi dzakasara nemagetsi senzvimbo yayo yesimba, zvichiita kuti "marasha aende kumagetsi" kuburikidza nema graphite electrodes e graphite anobva ku petroleum coke. Kana ikashandiswa nesimba rinogona kudzokororwa (semuenzaniso, zuva kana mhepo), kuburitswa kwekabhoni kunenge kuri pedyo ne zero zvinokwanisika. Semuenzaniso, eco-EAFs dzinoshandisa simba regirini kunyungudutsa zvinhu zvisina kabhoni yakawanda, dzichigadzira simbi ine matekinoroji "asina kabhoni" uye CO₂ inobuda inenge zero.

2. Kudzoreredza Kupisa Kwemarara uye Kugadzirisa Kushanda Nesimba Rakanaka Kufambiswa kwemafuta epetroleum coke ane graphitized kunotsigira kuiswa kwemaitiro ekudzoreredza kupisa kwemarara muEAFs. Magasi eflue ane guruva anopisa zvakanyanya (anotakura 11–20% yesimba rekupinda) anogona kudzoreredza kupisa kuburikidza nema graphite electrodes kana ma heat exchangers akagadzirirwa kudziisa marara kana kugadzira magetsi, zvichideredza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwesimba. Semuenzaniso, tekinoroji yekudziya marara inokwidza tembiricha yemarara kubva pa nharaunda kusvika pamusoro pe600°C, ichipfupisa ma smelting cycles ne15–20% uye ichideredza kushandiswa kwemagetsi patani yesimbi ne36.95–40.22%.

3. Kukurudzira Kushandiswa Kwesimbi Yakachekwa Mutsetse Maitiro mapfupi eEAF, anotsigirwa negraphitized petroleum coke, anochinja indasitiri yesimbi kubva pa "zviwanikwa-zvigadzirwa-marara" modhi kuenda ku "zviwanikwa-zvigadzirwa-zvakadzokororwa" framework. Pakazosvika 2024, makambani makuru akawana kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwesimbi dzakatetepa kwazvo, dzakasimba kwazvo, dzichisangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa mwenje uku dzichienzanisa mutengo nezvakanaka zve "simbi yakasvibira".

III. Kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji uye Mafambiro emusika: Kukosha kwe "Gray" kweGraphitized Petroleum Coke Kunopenya

1. Kudiwa Kunowedzera Kwezvigadzirwa Zvinoshanda Zvakanyanya Sezvo simba reEAF richikura (semuenzaniso, maovheni anodarika matani mazana mana) uye matekinoroji ekunyungudutsa achifambira mberi (semuenzaniso, maEAF equantum, eco-EAF), kudiwa kwemaelectrode egraphite emhando yepamusoro kunowedzera. Graphitized petroleum coke, sechinhu chakakosha chekugadzira, inotarisana nemakwikwi akanyanya pamusoro pekuchena (dota riri <0.5%), impregnations dzakawanda (3–4 cycles), uye ultra-high-temperature graphitization (resistivity <4 μΩ·m).

2. Kubatanidzwa kweGreen Premium neSupply Chain Pasi pezvinangwa zveChina zve "dual carbon", vagadziri vepetroleum coke vane graphitized vanoderedza mafambiro ecarbon kuburikidza nekugadzira simba regreen uye kutengeserana necarbon, vachiwana "green premiums" uye vachikwezva vatengi vepamusoro-soro vepasi rose. Makambani anotungamira ari kuwedzerawo akamira kuti aumbe maindasitiri akabatanidzwa anosanganisira "coke raw materials-graphitization-anode materials," kudzikamisa macheni ekutengesa uye kuderedza mari.

3. Mutemo uye Kukura Kunobva Mumusika Mitemo yakaita seNhungamiro dzeChina dzekusimudzira Kuvandudzwa Kwemhando Yepamusoro kweIndasitiri yeSimbi inokurudzira zviri pachena kuti EAF ishandiswe, nehuwandu hwekugadzira simbi dzeEAF hunofungidzirwa kukwira zvakanyanya panosvika 2025. Sechinhu chikuru cheEAFs, graphitized petroleum coke ichaona kukura kwemusika kwakasimba, zvichitungamira indasitiri iyi kuti iite basa rayo rakawanda uye ideredze kuburitswa kwemhepo.