Musiyano uripo pakati pegirafiti nekabhoni pakati pezvinhu zvekabhoni uri munzira iyo kabhoni inoumbwa nayo muchinhu chimwe nechimwe. Maatomu ekabhoni anobatana mumaketani nemhete. Muchinhu chimwe nechimwe chekabhoni, kuumbwa kwakasiyana kwekabhoni kunogona kugadzirwa.
Kabhoni inogadzira zvinhu zvakapfava (graphite) uye chinhu chakaoma (dhaimani). Musiyano mukuru pakati pezvinhu zvekabhoni uri munzira iyo kabhoni inoumbwa nayo mune chimwe nechimwe chinhu. Maatomu ekabhoni anobatana mumaketani nemhete. Muchinhu chimwe nechimwe chekabhoni, kuumbwa kwakasiyana kwekabhoni kunogona kugadzirwa.
Chinhu ichi chine kugona kwakakosha kwekugadzira ma bond nemacompounds ega, zvichichipa kugona kuronga nekugadzirisa maatomu acho. Pazvinhu zvese, kabhoni ndiyo inogadzira huwandu hwakawanda hwemacompounds - angangoita mamiriyoni gumi ekuumbwa!
Kabhoni ine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana, ese ari maviri ekabhoni yakachena uye makemikari ekabhoni. Chikuru, inoshanda semahydrocarbon muchimiro chegasi remethane nemafuta asina kucheneswa. Oiri isina kucheneswa inogona kunyungudutswa kuita peturu neparafini. Zvinhu zvese izvi zvinoshanda semafuta ekudziya, michina, nezvimwe zvakawanda.
Kabhoni ine basa rekuumba mvura, chinhu chinodiwa kuti pave nehupenyu. Inowanikwawo semapolymers akadai secellulose (mumiti) nemapurasitiki.
Kune rumwe rutivi, graphite imhando yekabhoni; izvi zvinoreva kuti chinhu chinogadzirwa nekabhoni yakachena chete. Mamwe ma allotropes anosanganisira madhaimani, kabhoni isina chimiro, uye charcoal.
"Graphite" inobva pashoko rechiGiriki rekuti "graphein," iro muChirungu rinoreva "kunyora." Iyo inoumbwa kana maatomu ekabhoni akabatana kuita mapepa, graphite ndiyo mhando yakagadzikana yekabhoni.
Graphite yakapfava asi yakasimba zvikuru. Inodzivirira kupisa uye, panguva imwe chete, inokonzeresa kupisa zvakanaka. Inowanikwa mumatombo akachinja-chinja, inoonekwa sechinhu chesimbi asi chisingaonekwe chine ruvara rwakasiyana kubva pagrey rakasviba kusvika kudema. Graphite ine mafuta, hunhu hunoita kuti ive mafuta akanaka.
Graphite inoshandiswawo semushonga wepigment uye molding mukugadzira magirazi. Manuclear reactor anoshandisawo graphite semodareta yemaerekitironi.
Hazvishamisi kuti nei kabhoni negirafiti zvichinzi chinhu chimwe chete; zvakabatana zvikuru. Graphite inobva kukabhoni, uye kabhoni inoumbwa kuita girafiti. Asi kunyatsozvitarisa kuchaita kuti uone kuti hazvisi chinhu chimwe chete.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-04-2020