Chii chaizvo chinotaurwa nezve "graphitization"?

"Kugadzira mifananidzo"

"Graphitization" zvinoreva nzira yekurapa kupisa kwakanyanya (inowanzoitwa pa2000°C kusvika 3000°C kana kupfuura) inoshandura chimiro chezvinhu zvine kabhoni (senge petroleum coke, coal tar pitch, anthracite coal, nezvimwewo) kubva mumamiriro asina kurongeka kana kuti asina kurongeka kuita chimiro chekristaro chakafanana ne natural graphite. Chinhu chikuru cheiyi nzira ndechekugadziriswazve kwemaatomu ekabhoni, izvo zvinoita kuti chinhu chacho chive nehunhu hwakasiyana hwepanyama nemakemikari hune hunhu hwegraphite.

Maitiro Akadzama uye Maitiro eGraphitization

Matanho Ekurapa Kupisa

1. Nzvimbo yekupisa kushoma (<1000°C)
   • Zvinhu zvinoshanduka-shanduka (semuenzaniso, hunyoro, mahydrocarbon akareruka) zvinoshanduka-shanduka zvishoma nezvishoma, uye chimiro chinotanga kudonha zvishoma. Zvisinei, maatomu ekabhoni anoramba asina kurongeka zvakanyanya kana kuti ari padanho pfupi.
2. Nzvimbo yekupisa iri pakati nepakati (1000–2000°C)
   • Maatomu ekabhoni anotanga kurongwazve kuburikidza nekufamba kwekupisa, achigadzira maumbirwo enetwork ane hexagonal akarongwa munharaunda (akafanana nechimiro chegraphite chiri muplane). Zvisinei, kurongeka kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana kunoramba kusina kurongeka.
3. Nzvimbo yekupisa kwakanyanya (>2000°C)
   • Kana zvinhu zvikapisa zvakanyanya kwenguva refu, zvikamu zvekabhoni zvinobatana zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichigadzira chimiro chekristaro chine mativi matatu (chimiro chegraphised). Masimba epakati pezvikamu anoderera (kusangana kwevan der Waals), ukuwo simba rekubatana kwecovalent mu-plane richiwedzera.

Kuchinja Kwakakosha Kwemaumbirwo

• Kugadziriswazve kweAtomu yeKabhoni: Kuchinja kubva pachimiro che "turbostatic" chisina chimiro kuenda kuchimiro che "layered" chakarongwa, chine maatomu ekabhoni ari muplane achigadzira ma "sp² hybridized covalent bonds" uye interlayer bonding kuburikidza ne van der Waals forces.
• Kubvisa Zvisina Kunaka: Kupisa kwakanyanya kunoderedza zvikanganiso zvemakristaro (semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dzisina vanhu, kupatsanuka), zvichiwedzera kunaka kwekristaro uye kusimba kwechimiro.

Zvinangwa Zvikuru zveGraphitization

1. Kufambiswa Kwemagetsi Kwakawedzerwa
   • Maatomu ekabhoni akarongwa anogadzira network inofambisa zvinhu, zvichiita kuti maerekitironi asununguke kufamba mukati mezvikamu uye zvinoderedza zvakanyanya resistivity (semuenzaniso, graphitized petroleum coke inoratidza resistivity yakaderera kanopfuura ka10 pane zvinhu zvisina graphitized).
   • Mashandisirwo: Maelectrode ebhatiri, mabhurashi ekabhoni, zvikamu zveindasitiri yemagetsi zvinoda kufambisa simba zvakanyanya.
2. Kugadzikana Kwekupisa Kwakavandudzwa
   • Zvivakwa zvakarongwa zvinoramba kuora kana kuora kana tembiricha yakakwira, zvichiwedzera kuramba kupisa (semuenzaniso, zvinhu zvakagadziriswa girafu zvinotsungirira >3000°C mumhepo isina kusimba).
   • Mashandisirwo: Zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa, zvipfukuto zvinopisa zvakanyanya, masisitimu ekudzivirira kupisa kwemuchadenga.
3. Zvivakwa zveMichina Zvakagadziriswa
   • Kunyange zvazvo graphitization ichigona kuderedza simba rose (semuenzaniso, kudzikira kwesimba rekumanikidza), chimiro chayo chakaiswa muzvikamu chinounza anisotropy, ichichengetedza simba rakawanda mukati mepasi uye ichideredza kuputsika.
   • Mashandisirwo: Maelectrode eGraphite, mabhuroko makuru ecathode anoda kuramba kupisa uye kuramba kupfeka.
4. Kuwedzera Kugadzikana Kwemakemikari
   • Kukora kwakanyanya kunoderedza nzvimbo dzinoshanda pamusoro pechinhu, zvichideredza mwero wekuita kwechinhu neokisijeni, maasidhi, kana mabhesi, uye zvichiwedzera kuramba ngura.
   • Mashandisirwo: Matangi emakemikari, machira emagetsi munzvimbo dzine ngura.

Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kuumbwa kweGraphitization

1. Zvivakwa zveZvinhu Zvisina Kugadzirwa
   • Kabhoni yakawanda isingachinji inoita kuti graphitization ive nyore (semuenzaniso, petroleum coke graphiting iri nyore kupfuura coal tar pitch).
   • Kusachena (semuenzaniso, sarufa, nitrogen) kunodzivisa kugadziriswa kwemaatomu uye kunoda kurapwa kwekutanga (semuenzaniso, kubviswa kwesulfurization).
2. Mamiriro Ekurapa Kupisa
   • Kupisa: Kupisa kwakanyanya kunowedzera graphitization degree asi kunowedzera mitengo yemidziyo uye kushandiswa kwesimba.
   • Nguva: Nguva refu yekubata inovandudza kukwana kwechimiro, asi nguva yakawandisa inogona kukonzera kukora kwetsanga uye kudzikira kwekushanda kwayo.
   • Mhepo: Nzvimbo dzisina kusimba (semuenzaniso, argon) kana vacuum zvinodzivirira oxidation uye zvinokurudzira graphitization reactions.
3. Zvimwe zvinowedzerwa
   • Zvinokonzera kupisa (semuenzaniso, boron, silicon) zvinoderedza tembiricha yegirafitisheni uye zvinovandudza kushanda zvakanaka (semuenzaniso, boron doping inoderedza tembiricha inodiwa ne ~500°C).

Kuenzanisa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa neGraphitized vs. Zvisiri zveGraphitized

Nyaya dzeKushandisa Zvinoshanda

1. Graphite maerekitirodhi
   • Pitch yepetroleum coke kana coal tar inogadzirwa negraphit kuti igadzire maelectrode ane simba guru uye anofambisa simba rekugadzira simbi dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa kugadzira simbi dzinosvika >3000°C uye dzinoshanda nesimba.
2. Mabhatiri eLithium-Ion Anode
   • Graphite yechisikigo kana yakagadzirwa (graphitized) inoshanda seanode, ichishandisa chimiro chayo chakarongwa kuti ikurumidze kusanganisa/kubvisa lithium-ion, zvichivandudza kushanda kwechaji/kuburitsa.
3. Kugadzira Kabhurizeri Yesimbi
   • Coke yepetroleum yakasanganiswa negirafiti, ine chimiro chayo chine maburi uye ine kabhoni yakawanda, inowedzera kabhoni nekukurumidza musimbi yakanyungudutswa uku ichideredza kusvibiswa kwesarufa.