Ndedzipi nzira dzekurapa guruva regrafiti nemarara eelectrodes?

Nzira Dzakakwana Dzekurapa dzeGraphite Dust and Waste Electrodes

I. Kurapa Guruva reGraphite: Kubatana kweTekinoroji Dzakawanda paKutonga Kwakanaka

1. Tekinoroji yeKudzora Manyuko uye Kutora

  • Maitiro Akavharwa uye MaHood Akavharirwa: Isa mahoods akavharirwa panzvimbo dzakakosha dzekugadzira guruva (semuenzaniso, kupwanya, kuongorora, kutakura) zvakabatana nemafirita emabhegi anoshanda zvakanyanya (semuenzaniso, mabhegi anounganidza guruva ane maelectrostatic). Izvi zvinoderedza huwandu hweguruva kubva pa2,000–3,000 mg/m³ kusvika pahuwandu hwe20–30 mg/m³, zvichiita kuti 99% ishande zvakanaka kubvisa guruva.
  • Midziyo Inobvisa Guruva Isingaputike: Zvichienderana nekuti guruva regrafiti rinofambisa mhepo uye kuti rinogona kupfuta nemoto, shandisai zvinhu zvinounganidza guruva zvisingaputike (semuenzaniso, zvinoparadzanisa dutu remhepo pamwe chete nemafirita emabhegi asingaputike) kuderedza njodzi yekuputika kana zvikasanganiswa nezvinhu zvinobvira moto.
  • Masisitimu Ekuunganidza Guruva Rakanyorova: Shandisai mvura inopfapfaidzwa kuti igadzikane neguruva, yakakodzera kushandiswa pakushandisa maturusi. Cherechedzai: Iva nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvemagetsi zvaoma (semuenzaniso, 60–80°C muovheni ye convection kweawa imwe chete) kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwemafuta e dielectric.

2. Kuchenesa uye Kudzora Kubuda Kwemhepo

  • Maitiro Ekuchenesa Matanho Akawanda: Kutonhodza utsi hwemvura hunodziya zvakanyanya kuburikidza nekupisa, wobva wahupfuura nemumuchina wekuparadzanisa dutu remhepo (rezvinhu zvikuru), muchina wekukwesha wealkaline (wekubvisa magasi ane acidic), uye shongwe yekubvisa magasi ane activated carbon (yekubvisa VOC). Kubuda kwekupedzisira kunoitika kuburikidza nechikamu cheutsi chemamiriyoni gumi nemashanu, zvichiita kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa.Mwero weKubuda Kwemhepo Inosvibisa Zvinhu Zvakajairika(GB 16297-1996).
  • Kutarisa uye Kugadzirisa Pamhepo: Isa masensa ezvinhu zvidiki uye kuwanda kweVOC kuti ugadzirise maparamita akadai sescrubber solution pH uye activated carbon replacement intervals, uchichengetedza kuwanda kwe emission kuri pasi pe120 mg/m³.

3. Matanho Ekubatsira Ekudzora

  • Kunyorovesa Zvinhu: Isa zvinhu zvinoderedza guruva (semuenzaniso, polyacrylamide solution) mumadhaka ematombo netsvina, uchichengetedza hunyoro hwepamusoro pa6–8% kuderedza guruva rinobuda.
  • Kugadzirisa Midziyo uye Kudzivirirwa Kwevashandi: Gara uchichenesa mabhegi ekusefa, tarisa zvisimbiso zvepaipi, uye shongedza vanoshanda nemidziyo yekufema yeN95 uye mbatya dzisingapindi guruva kuti uderedze njodzi yebasa.

II. Kurapa Magedhi Emarara Egirafiti: Kuenzanisa Kudzorerwa Kwezviwanikwa uye Kuraswa Kwezvakatipoteredza

1. Kurapwa Kwemuviri Pamberi Pekurapwa

  • Kuronga uye Kuchenesa: Kuronga maerekitirodhi nerudzi (semuenzaniso, simba renguva dzose, simba guru), bvisa tsvina yemafuta pamusoro nesimbi, wochenesa uchishandisa michina ye ultrasonic (40 kHz frequency) kwemaminitsi gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu.
  • Kupwanya uye Kuongorora: Shandisa majaw crushers kuderedza maelectrode kusvika pa ≤50 mm particles, wobva wasefa uchishandisa vibrating screens. Chengeta 5–50 mm particles kuti ugadzire maelectrode matsva.

2. Kucheneswa kweMakemikoro uye Kuvandudzwa

  • Kupisa kwakanyanya: Pisa zvidimbu muchoto che graphitization pa 2,800–3,000°C kwemaawa 4–6 kubvisa tsvina inoshanduka (semuenzaniso, sarufa, nitrogen), zvichikwidza huwandu hwekabhoni hwakagadzika kusvika ≥99.5%.
  • Kubvisa Asidhi Mukubvisa Kusviba: Nyika zvidimbu zvakapwanywa mu 15–20% hydrochloric acid pa 80–90°C kwemaawa maviri kuti ubvise tsvina yealuminium, iron, nezvimwe zvesimbi. Bvisa tsvina usati waibvisa.

3. Kudzokorodzazve Maelectrode eAlloy Akakosha

  • Kupatsanurwa kweMaelectrode ePlatinum-Iridium: Kune maelectrode emhando yekurapa ane platinum-iridium alloys, nyungudutsa platinum mu aqua regia (80°C kwemaawa matatu). Bvisa iridium uchishandisa molded salt electrolysis (NaCl-KCl system pa700°C) wobva wachenesa ese ari maviri kusvika pa99.99% kuchena uchishandisa zone melting.
  • Kugadziriswazve kweElectrode Yakavakirwa Pamhangura: Kupwanya maelectrode emhangura-girafiti akaora, girafiti yakaparadzana (huwandu: 1.8–2.1 g/cm³) uye upfu hwemhangura (huwandu: 8.9 g/cm³) kuburikidza nekuyangarara, uye kunatsa upfu hwemhangura kuita copper yakachena kwazvo kuburikidza neelectrolysis (huwandu hwemazuva ano: 200 A/m²).

III. Kuongorora Tekinoroji neUpfumi uye Zvidzidzo zveIndasitiri

1. Kuenzanisa Mari Nemabhenefiti

  • Mafirita eBhegi: Mari yekutanga: ~¥500,000; mutengo wekushanda: ¥0.2/m³ yegasi rinoburitsa utsi. Yakakodzera mabhizinesi makuru e graphite electrode (huwandu hwegore negore hweutsi ≥100,000 m³).
  • Masisitimu Ekuunganidza Guruva Rakanyorova: Mari yekushandisa mumidziyo: ¥200,000; mutengo wemvura: ¥0.5/tani yemvura yakasviba. Yakanakira maworkshop madiki kusvika pakati nepakati.
  • Kugadziriswazve kweMarasha eElectrode: Tani yega yega inoburitsa 850 kg yegraphite (¥3,000 kukosha) uye 150 kg yesimbi (¥5,000 kukosha), zvichiburitsa ¥8,000 mumari yese inowanikwa. Nguva yekubhadhara mari: makore 1.5–2.

2. Zvidzidzo zveIndasitiri

  • Bhizinesi Rinotungamira reGraphite Electrode: Rakatora sisitimu ye "静电袋式除尘器 (electrostatic-bag filter) + activated carbon adsorption tower", richideredza kuburitswa kwezvimedu kubva pa2,000 mg/m³ kusvika pa15 mg/m³ uye richibvisa VOC ne95%. Mari dzegore negore dzekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza dzakaderedzwa ne¥2 miriyoni.
  • Chigadzirwa Chekudzokorodza Maelectrode Ekurapa: Yakadzokorodza platinum-iridium alloys kusvika pa99.99% yakachena kuburikidza neelectrolysis yemunyu wakanyungudutswa, inoshandiswa zvakananga mukugadzira pacemaker. Yakachengetedza ¥1.2 miriyoni patani yemaelectrode emarara mumitengo yezvinhu zvakagadziriswa.

IV. Nhungamiro dzeMutemo neMitemo

  • Mitemo yeKuburitsa Hutsi: Tevedzera zvinodiwaGraphite Industry Inosvibisa Kubuda Kwemhepo Standard(GB 31573-2015), ichiraira kuti pave nekuburitswa kwezvimedu ≤30 mg/m³ uye maVOC ≤100 mg/m³.
  • Zvinokurudzira Kudzoserwa Kwezviwanikwa: Kurudzira kushandiswa kweKutsanangurwa kwehunyanzvi hwekushandisa marara eGraphite Electrodes(GB/T 35164-2017) nerubatsiro rwemitero (semuenzaniso, kudzoserwa kwe70% yeVAT yezvigadzirwa zvegraphite zvakagadziriswazve).
  • Mitemo Yekuchengetedza: TevedzeraKodhi Yekuchengetedza Yekudzivirira Kuputika Kweguruva(GB 15577-2018), zvichida michina yekubatsira kuputika (pressure: 0.01–0.02 MPa) uye kuongororwa kwepasi kwemagetsi nguva nenguva kwemasisitimu ekubvisa guruva.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-14-2025