Kugona kweChina kugadzira coke yepetroleum ine graphitized pasi rose kunoratidza mukana mukuru pamwe nenjodzi dzinogona kuvanzwa, zvichiita kuti pave nehurongwa hwekugadzirisa zvinhu kuti pave nezvakanaka uye kuderedza njodzi. Ongororo chaiyo ndeiyi inotevera:
Zvakanakira: Kugona Kutungamira Kunosimbisa Kutonga Kwemaindasitiri Pasirose
Kutonga Kwevanhu Vaviri Pazvinhu Zvishandiso Nekugona
Nzvimbo yekutungamira yeChina mukugadzira petroleum coke yakagadzirwa negrafiti inobva mukudzora kwayo zvakadzama pamusoro peindasitiri yese yegraphite. Pamusoro pemvura, ine 77% yenzvimbo dzakachengetwa dzegraphite dzechisikigo pasi rose (semuenzaniso, Jixi Mine muHeilongjiang Province) uye ine mwero wepamusoro wekuzviriritira muzvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvakaita sepetroleum coke neneedle coke semuchina mukuru wekuchenesa mafuta pasi rose. Pakati pemvura, kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira senge maovheni ekugadzira graphitization anoenderera mberi, yakapfupisa maganho ekugadzira ne50% uye yakaderedza kushandiswa kwesimba ne30%, zvichigadzira zvipingamupinyi zvetekinoroji. Pasi pemvura, mugove wayo wepasi rose muzvinhu zveanode unosvika 98.5%, nepo kugona kwemakambani makuru ekugadzira chimwe chinhu kuchipfuura katatu kupfuura indasitiri yese yeUS. Iyi mukana wekugadzira chain yakazara unogonesa China kushandisa "kudzora divi" muchikamu chepetroleum coke yakagadzirwa negrafiti, ichibata zvakananga "nzira" yechikamu cheindasitiri yemagetsi epasi rose.
Rutsigiro Ruviri Kubva Kukosha Kwezvehupfumi uye Hurongwa Hwehurongwa
Graphitized petroleum coke ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira lithium-ion battery anodes, ichipa mari inosvika 6%-10% yebhatiri, uye mashandiro ayo achikanganisa zvakananga kugona kuchaja nekukurumidza uye hupenyu hwebhatiri. Kushanda zvakanaka kweChina (kunodhura 12,000 perton chete, zvichienzaniswa ne40,000 patani yega yega yekuvaka yega kunze kwenyika) kwakaita kuti 90% yemakambani emabhatiri ekuJapan neSouth Korea avimbe nezvinhu zveChina zveanode. Uyezve, mushure mekushandisa mitemo yekutumira kunze kwenyika pagraphite nezvimwe zvinhu zvine chekuita nayo, China yakagadzira musiyano wemusika wepagore we180,000-ton mhiri kwemakungwa, zvichiwedzera mitengo yekugadzira mabhatiri emagetsi ne3%-5% uye zvichiwedzera kusimbisa simba rayo rekutaurirana.
Kutenderera Kwakanaka Kwekuchinja Kwetekinoroji uye Kuwedzera Kwesimba
Makambani ekuChina anoramba achiwedzera zvinhu zvitsva mumabasa akadai segranulation, graphitization, uye coating carbonization. Semuenzaniso, tekinoroji ye graphitization inotungamira kune dzimwe nyika nemakore mashanu kusvika masere, nepo tekinoroji ye silicon-carbon anode ichisvika pakakwirira. Makambani anotungamira, nekubatana nevatengi vepamusoro vakaita seCATL neBYD, akagadzira nzira yakavharwa ye "musika we tekinoroji-kukwanisa-kutengesa," zvichikonzera kuwanda kwezvinhu zveanode pasi rose muChina (nekukwanisa kweChina kunopfuura 95% pasi rose panosvika 2024).
Njodzi Dzakavanzika: Kusagadzikana Kwemaumbirwo Ari Kuseri Kwekugona Kutungamira
Kupesana Pakati Pekushandiswa Zviwanikwa Nekuchengetedzwa Kwezvakatipoteredza
Pasinei nekuwanda kwezviwanikwa zvegrafiti muChina, nzira yekuti "kuchera-kutengesa-kutengesa-kunze-kwe-kutengesa-kunze-kwe-mutengo wakaderera-kutengesa-kunze-kwe-mutengo-wepamusoro-kupinza" yagara iripo kwenguva refu yakakonzera kutambisa zviwanikwa. Mutengo wekutengeswa kunze kwenyika wezvigadzirwa zvegrafiti zvekutanga uri pasi pe3,000 yuan patani, nepo graphite yepamusoro-soro inotengeswa kunze kwenyika inodhura kusvika kumadhora zviuru zana patani, zvichiratidza kusakwana kwekugadzirisa zvakadzama. Pamusoro pezvo, kuchera zvisiri pamutemo kwakapararira uye kushandiswa zvakanyanya kwezvinhu zvinobatsira zvakaita seasidhi, alkalis, uye marasha kunowedzera kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, zvichipesana nezvinangwa zvebudiriro inoenderera mberi.
Matambudziko Anobva Mukudzivirira Kwetekinoroji uye Kutsiva Kwemumba
Kunyangwe China yakawana mukana wekushandisa ma graphite anode ekugadzira, ichiri kuvimba nekutenga graphite yakasarudzika (semuenzaniso, nuclear graphite, aerospace graphite). Nyika dzakadai seUS, Japan, neGermany dzinoisa zvirambidzo zvetekinoroji kudzivirira kukura kwe graphite yepamusoro muChina. Semuenzaniso, nepo isostatic graphite yakapfuura nepakati pe "chokepoint", zvigadzirwa zve fine-particle zvakakura zvichiri kuda kupinzwa, zvichiita kuti kuchinjana kwemuno kuve basa renguva refu.
Mhedzisiro yeMakakatanwa eGeopolitical uye Kusawirirana kweMabhizimisi
Nzvimbo yekutungamira yeChina mu graphitized petroleum coke yakakonzera kupoteredzwa kwenyika dzekumadokero. Dhipatimendi rezvekutengeserana reUS rakaisa mutero wemari inosvika 721% kune mamwe makambani eChina anode material uye rakaedza kuvakazve macheni ezvekugovera mukati menyika kuburikidza neInflation Reduction Act. EU yakarwisa mitemo yekubatsira yeChina neNet Zero Industry Act. Kunyangwe kuvaka kugona kwekunze kwenyika kuchisangana nezvipingamupinyi zvakawanda zvakaita semidziyo, tekinoroji, uye kushandiswa kwesimba (zvinofungidzirwa kutora makore mashanu kusvika masere), kusawirirana kwekutengeserana kunogona kuramba kuchikanganisa misika yeChina yekutengesera kunze kwenyika.
Nzira Yekubudirira: Kubva Kuhutungamiriri Hwehunyanzvi Kuenda Kukuchengetedzwa Kwemazano
Kusimbisa Kuzvitonga Kwetekinoroji Kwakazara
Wedzerai kutsvagisa nekuvandudza graphite kuti mupfuure nepakati pemiganho yetekinoroji muminda yepamusoro senge nyukireya negirafiti yemuchadenga. Kurudzirai kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekuchenesa nekushandura graphite kuti muderedze kuvimba nezvigadzirwa zvepakutanga. Kurudzirai marongerwo epatent emidziyo mikuru yakadai semakettle egranulation nemidziyo yegraphitization kuti musimbise zvipingamupinyi zvetekinoroji.
Kukurudzira Kushanda Pamwe Pakati Pekuvandudzwa Kwezviwanikwa Nekuchengetedzwa Kwezvakatipoteredza
Gadzira hurongwa hwekuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvegraphite kuti zvikwanise kushandiswa nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Kurudzira matekinoroji ekuchera migodhi kuti uderedze kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Shandisa zvinokurudzira mitero kutungamira mabhizinesi muzvikamu zvekugadzirisa zvinhu zvakadzama, zvichiwedzera kukosha kwezvigadzirwa.
Kuvaka Sangano reKushandira Pamwe Chete Pasi Pose uye Sisitimu Yekudzivirira
Shandisa maturusi ekudzora kutengesa kunze kwenyika kuti uongorore kukosha kwezvinhu zvinobatsira, zvakaita sekubatanidza zvinhu zve graphite anode murondedzero dzekudzora kuti uwedzere mari yekugadzira kunze kwenyika. Wedzera misika iri kubuda kuburikidza neBelt and Road Initiative kuderedza kuvimba nemisika yeEurope neUS. Simbisa kushandira pamwe nemasangano epasi rose akaita seInternational Energy Agency (IEA) kukurudzira kushandurwa kwemitemo yetekinoroji ye graphite pasi rose.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-16-2025