White cast iron: Kungofanana neshuga yatinoisa mutii, kabhoni inonyungudika zvachose musimbi yemvura. Kana iyi kabhoni yakanyungudutswa mumvura isinga patsanurwe kubva kusimbi yemvura nepo simbi yakakandwa ichiomesa, asi ikaramba yanyungudika zvachose muchimiro, tinodaidza chimiro chinobva chena chakakandwa simbi. White cast iron, iyo ine brittle structure, inonzi white cast iron nekuti inoratidza kupenya, ruvara ruchena kana yatsemuka.
Grey cast iron: Nepo iyo mvura yakakandwa simbi ichiomesa, kabhoni yakanyungudika musimbi yemvura, senge shuga mutii, inogona kubuda sechikamu chakasiyana panguva yekusimba. Kana tikaongorora chimiro chakadaro pasi pemaikorosikopu, tinoona kuti kabhoni yakaora kuita chimiro chakasiyana chinoonekwa neziso rakashama, nenzira yegraphite. Isu tinodaidza rudzi urwu rwesimbi yakakandwa se grey cast iron, nekuti kana chimiro ichi, umo kabhoni inoonekwa mu lamellae, ndiko kuti, muzvikamu, yakaputsika, kusviba uye grey ruvara kunobuda.
Spotted cast iron: Idzo simbi chena dzatataura pamusoro dzinoonekwa munzvimbo yekutonhora nekukurumidza, nepo grey cast irons inoonekwa munzvimbo inononoka kutonhora. Kana chiyero chekutonhodza chechikamu chakadururwa chichienderana nemhando iyo shanduko kubva kuchena kuenda kune grey inoitika, zvinokwanisika kuona kuti grey uye chena zvimiro zvinoonekwa pamwechete. Tinoti simbi dzakakandwa idzi dzine mottled nekuti kana tapwanya chidimbu chakadaro, zvitsuwa zvegrey zvinoonekwa pamashure machena.
Tempered cast iron: Iri rudzi rwesimbi yakakandwa inosimbiswa sesimbi chena. Mune mamwe mazwi, kusimba kwesimbi yakakandwa kunovimbiswa kuitira kuti kabhoni irambe yakanyungudika zvachose muchimiro. Zvadaro, iyo yakaomeswa chena yakakandwa simbi inoiswa mukupisa kurapwa kuitira kuti kabhoni yakanyungudika muchimiro ichiparadzaniswa kubva kune chimiro. Mushure mekurapwa kwekupisa uku, tinoona kuti kabhoni inobuda semabhora asina kuumbwa, akaungana.
Pamusoro peiyo kupatsanurwa, kana kabhoni yakakwanisa kupatsanurwa kubva kune chimiro semhedzisiro yekusimba (sekunge mune grey cast irons), tinogona kuita imwe kupatsanurwa nekutarisa maitiro epamutemo eiyo inoguma graphite:
Gray (lamellar graphite) simbi yakakandwa: Kana kabhoni yaomesa ichipa chimiro chegirafu rakaturikidzana semashizha emakabheji, tinoreva simbi dzakakandwa segrey kana lamellar graphite cast irons. Tinogona kuomesa chimiro ichi, chinoitika mune alloys umo okisijeni nesarufa zvakakwirira, pasina kuratidza shrinkage yakawanda nekuda kwekukwirira kwayo kwekushisa.
Spherical graphite cast iron: Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, tinoona kuti muchimiro ichi, kabhoni inoratidzika kunge spherical graphite balls. Kuti graphite iparare kuita spherical chimiro pane lamellar chimiro, iyo okisijeni nesarufa mumvura inofanira kuderedzwa pasi peimwe nhanho. Ndicho chikonzero kana tichigadzira spheroidal graphite cast iron, tinobata simbi yemvura ne magnesium, iyo inogona kuita nokukurumidza zvikuru neokisijeni uye sulfuri, uye yozoidururira mu molds.
Vermicular graphite cast iron: Kana iyo magnesium kurapwa yakashandiswa panguva yekugadzirwa kwe spheroidal graphite cast iron haina kukwana uye graphite haigone kuve spheroidized zvachose, iyi graphite chimiro, yatinodaidza kuti vermicular (kana compact), inogona kubuda. Vermicular graphite, inova chimiro chekuchinja pakati pe lamellar uye spheroidal graphite marudzi, kwete chete inopa simbi yakakandwa ine yakakwirira mechanical properties ye spheroidal graphite, asi inoderedzawo shrinkage tendency nekuda kwekukwirira kwayo kwekushisa. Ichi chimiro, icho chinoonekwa sechikanganiso mukugadzirwa kwe spheroidal graphite cast iron, inokandwa nemaune neakawanda foundries nekuda kwezvakanaka zvataurwa pamusoro apa.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-29-2023