Mushonga wekabhoni, unoshandiswa muindasitiri yesimbi nekugadzira zvinhu, mukugadzira kabhoni, kubvisa sulfurization nezvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira. Chinhu chinonyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri yekunyungudutsa simbi nesimbi ndechekutsiva huwandu hwekabhoni hunopiswa panguva yekunyunguduka kwesimbi nesimbi uye kuwedzera zvinhu zvine kabhoni.
Mukugadzirwa kwekunyungudutsa simbi nesimbi, kazhinji nekuda kwenguva yekunyungudutsa, nguva yekubata, nguva yekupisa zvakanyanya nezvimwe zvinhu, kurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvekabhoni musimbi yemvura kunowedzera, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwehuwandu hwekabhoni musimbi yemvura, zvichikonzera kuti huwandu hwekabhoni musimbi yemvura husakwanise kusvika padanho rekufungidzira rekugadzirisa. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kuwedzera zvigadzirwa zvekabhoni kuti ugadzirise huwandu hwekabhoni musimbi, inova chinhu chinobatsira pakugadzirwa kwesimbi yemhando yepamusoro.
Mushonga wekugadzirisa kabhoni zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakagadziriswa unogona kukamurwa kuita: kabhoni yehuni, kabhoni yemarasha, kabhoni yekoke, girafiti.
1. Kabhoni yehuni
2. Kabhoni yemhando yemarasha
* Kabhurizeri yemarasha inogadzirwa ne calcining: Inobva mu "ash low" uye "low salfa" yakashambidzwa ne anthracite mu "calcination furnace" mushure mekupiswa nekupisa kwakanyanya kwe1250℃, inonyanya kugadzirwa muNingxia, Inner Mongolia. Kabhoni yakawanda iri pakati pe90-93%. Inonyanya kushandiswa mumakambani ekugadzira simbi, uye mamwe makambani ekugadzira anoshandiswa mu "grey cast iron". Nekuda kwechimiro chakasimba chemamorekuru ayo ekabhoni, maitiro ekupisa anononoka uye nguva yakareba.
* Asphalt coking carburizer: chinhu chinobva mu hydrogenation yemarasha ekugadzira mafuta. I carburizer ine kabhoni yakawanda, sarufa shoma uye nitrogen shoma inotorwa kubva mu tar. Kabhoni iri pakati pe96-99.5%, kushanduka kwemvura kwakaderera, chimiro chayo chakasimba, simba remuchina uye kuramba kupfeka kwezvikamu zvakakwirira, zviri nyore kushandisa graphitization.
* Metallurgical coke carburizing agent: coking coating coating, inowanzo kuve cupola ine coke hombe, pamusoro pekunyungudutsa, asi inoshandiswawo pakugadzira simbi charge carburizing.
3. Kabhoni yeCoke (petroleum coke)
* Calcined coke carburizer: Ichi chigadzirwa chakagadzirwa ne low-sulfur petroleum coke sezvinhu zvakabikwa, iyo inogadziriswa mu calcination furnace pa 1300-1500 degrees mushure mekubvisa hunyoro, volatiles uye tsvina. Hunhu hwayo hwekabhoni hwakagadzikana kazhinji hunenge 98.5%, uye hunhu hwayo hwesarufa hunonyanya kuderera pane 0.5% kana 1%. Huremu hwayo hwakanyanya kusimba, hausi nyore kuora, uye nguva yekushandisa kwayo iri pakati nepakati. Kugadzirwa kwayo kunonyanya kuitirwa muShandong, Liaoning, Tianjin. Nekuda kwemutengo wayo uye kuwanikwa kwayo muzvikamu zvakawanda zve carburizing agent kune mukana, musika unoshandiswa zvakanyanya.
* Mushonga wekugadzira mafuta eGraphitic petroleum coke: petroleum coke muchoto chekunyungudutsa chegraphitic mushure me3000 degrees yekugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvegraphitic tembiricha yepamusoro, nekukasira kunyudzwa, kabhoni yakawanda uye sarufa yakaderera. Huremu hwayo hwekabhoni huri 98-99%, indekisi yehuwandu hwesarufa yakaderera pane 0.05% kana 0.03%, nzvimbo dzinogadzira dzakanyanya kuungana muInner Mongolia, Jiangsu, Sichuan nezvimwewo. Imwe nzira inobva kugraphite electrode yekucheka marara, nekuti graphite electrode pachayo mushure mekurapa graphitization, marara anogonawo kushandiswa semushonga wekugadzira mafuta esimbi.
* Semi-graphitic petroleum coke carburizer: tembiricha yegrafitic haina kukwira segrafitic carburizer, huwandu hwekabhoni hunowanzo kupfuura 99.5, huwandu hwesarufa hwakakwira kupfuura grafitic carburizer, pasi pe0.3%.
4. Rudzi rweGraphite
* Mushonga wekugadzira girafiti wakaita sepasi: kushandiswa kwegirafiti wakaita sepasi mukunyungudutsa simbi nesimbi kana kukanda girafiti, nzvimbo yayo huru yekugadzira muHunan, kushandiswa zvakananga kweupfu hwegirafiti wakaita sepasi, kazhinji huwandu hwekabhoni mu75-80%, hunogona kucheneswa kuti huwandu hwekabhoni huwedzere.
* Mushonga wekugadzira girafiti yechisikigo: inonyanya kuputira girafiti, huwandu hwekabhoni mu65-99%, kugadzikana kwakaderera, kazhinji inoshandiswa mumigodhi yesimbi.
* Mushonga wekugadzira kaburisheni unosanganisira upfu hwegrafiti, upfu hwecoke, petroleum coke nezvimwe zvinhu zvetsoka, zvichiwedzera ma binders akasiyana nemuchina anogona kudzvanywa kuita chimiro, chetsvimbo. Hunhu hwekabhoni hunowanzova pakati pe93 ne97%, uye huwandu hwesarufa hahuna kugadzikana zvakanyanya, kazhinji pakati pe0.09 ne0.7.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-17-2022