Maitiro ehunyanzvi akadzama e graphite electrode

Zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa: Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira kabhoni?

Mukugadzirwa kwekabhoni, zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvinogona kukamurwa kuita zvinhu zvakasimba zvekabhoni uye zvinosunga uye zvinoisa mishonga.
Zvinhu zvakagadziriswa nekabhoni yakasimba zvinosanganisira petroleum coke, bituminous coke, metallurgical coke, anthracite, natural graphite uye graphite scrap, nezvimwewo.
Binder uye impregnating agent zvinosanganisira coal pitch, coal tar, anthracene oil uye synthetic resin, nezvimwewo.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira zvakaita sejecha re quartz, zvidimbu zve coke zvesimbi uye upfu hwe coke zvinoshandiswawo mukugadzirwa.
Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekabhoni negrafiti (zvakaita se carbon fiber, activated carbon, pyrolytic carbon ne pyrolytic graphite, glass carbon) zvinogadzirwa kubva kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha.

Kunyungudutsa: Chii chinonzi calcination? Ndezvipi zvinhu zvekugadzira zvinoda calcined?

Kupisa kwakanyanya kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nekabhoni zviri kure nemhepo (1200-1500°C)
Maitiro ekurapa kupisa anonzi calcination.
Kupisa carbon ndiyo nzira yekutanga yekurapa kupisa mukugadzirwa kwecarbon. Kupisa carbon kunokonzera shanduko dzakawanda muchimiro uye hunhu hwemuviri uye hwemakemikari hwemhando dzese dzezvinhu zvakakangwa zvecarbon.
Anthracite nepetroleum coke zvose zvine huwandu hwakati hwezvinhu zvinoshanduka uye zvinoda kucheneswa necalcium.
Tembiricha yekubituminous coke nemetallurgical coke inoita coke yakakwira zvakanyanya (pamusoro pe1000°C), iyo yakaenzana netembiricha ye calcining furnace mu carbon plant. Haichakwanise calcinate uye inongoda kuomeswa nehunyoro.
Zvisinei, kana bituminous coke nepetroleum coke zvikashandiswa pamwe chete zvisati zvaiswa calcium, zvinofanirwa kutumirwa ku calciner kuti zviiswe calcium pamwe chete nepetroleum coke.
Graphite yechisikigo uye kabhoni dema hazvidi calcination.
Kugadzira: Ndeipi musimboti wekugadzira extrusion?
Chinangwa chikuru che extrusion ndechekuti mushure mekunge paste yapfuura nemumuromo wechimwe chimiro ichimanikidzwa, inomanikidzwa uye inogadziriswa nepurasitiki kuita rima rine chimiro nehukuru hwakati.
Maitiro ekuumba ekuwedzera simbi anonyanya kushandiswa pakuchinja purasitiki yepurasitiki.

Maitiro ekubvisa paste anoitwa mukamuri rezvinhu (kana kuti silinda yepaste) uye mumuromo wedenderedzwa rearc.
Chinonhuhwirira chinopisa chiri mukamuri yekurodha chinofambiswa nechinhu chikuru chekumashure.
Gasi riri mupaste rinomanikidzwa kuti rirambe richiburitswa, paste yacho inoramba ichibatanidzwa uye paste yacho inofamba ichienda mberi panguva imwe chete.
Kana paste ichifamba muchikamu chesilinda chekamuri, paste inogona kuonekwa sekuyerera kwakasimba, uye granular layer inenge yakafanana.
Kana paste ikapinda muchikamu che extrusion nozzle ne arc deformation, paste iri pedyo nemuromo inodzivirirwa zvakanyanya nekukweshana mu advance, zvinhu zvinotanga kukotama, paste iri mukati inoburitsa kumhanya kwakasiyana kwe advance, inner paste advance mu advance, zvichiita kuti chigadzirwa chienderane ne radial density chisaenzane, saka mu extrusion block.

Kushushikana kwemukati kunokonzerwa nekumhanya kwakasiyana kwezvikamu zvemukati nekunze kunogadzirwa.
Pakupedzisira, paste inopinda muchikamu chekuchinja kwemutsara uye inoburitswa.
Kubika
Chii chinonzi kugocha? Chinangwa chekugocha ndechei?

Kugocha inzira yekurapa kupisa apo zvinhu zvisina kubikwa zvinopiswa nekukurumidza kana mweya uchibviswa munzvimbo inodzivirira muchoto.

Chinangwa chekutsigira ndeichi:
(1) Usabvisa zvinopisa. Kune zvigadzirwa zvinoshandisa asphalt yemarasha sebinder, zvinopisa zvinosvika 10% zvinowanzoburitswa mushure mekugochwa. Nokudaro, chiyero chezvigadzirwa zvakagochwa chinowanzova pasi pe90%.
(2) Zvigadzirwa zvisina kubikwa zvekubika zvinogochwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu etekinoroji kuti zvigadzire kubika kwekubika. Network ye coke inoumbwa pakati pezvikamu zve aggregate kuti ibatanidze zvakasimba zvikamu zvese nehukuru hwakasiyana hwezvikamu, kuitira kuti chigadzirwa chive nehunhu hwakasiyana hwemuviri nemakemikari. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana, chiyero che coking chakakwira, hunhu hunowedzera. Chiyero che coking che asphalt yekupisa kwepakati nepakati chingangoita 50%.
(3) Chimiro chejometri chakagadzika
Mukugadzirira kugocha zvigadzirwa zvisina kubikwa, chiitiko chekupfavisa uye kufamba kwezvisungo kwakaitika. Nekuwedzera kwekupisa, network yekubikira inoumbwa, zvichiita kuti zvigadzirwa zviome. Saka, chimiro chayo hachichinji sezvo tembiricha ichikwira.
(4) Deredza kuramba kwesimba
Mukuita kwekugocha, nekuda kwekubviswa kwemhepo inoputika, kugocha kweasphalt kunogadzira coke grid, kuora uye polymerization yeasphalt, uye kuumbwa kwenetwork hombe ye hexagonal carbon ring plane, nezvimwewo, resistivity yakaderera zvakanyanya. Inenge 10000 x 10-6 zvigadzirwa zvisina kubikwa resistivity Ω “m, mushure mekugocha ne40-50 x 10-6 Ω” m, inonzi maconductor akanaka.
(5) Kuwedzera kudzikira kwevhoriyamu
Mushure mekugocha, chigadzirwa chinodzikira ne1% mudhayamita, 2% muhurefu uye 2-3% muhukuru.
Nzira yekuisa carbon muchimiro che "Imprognation": Sei uchigadzira zvigadzirwa zvekabhoni zvine macro?
Chigadzirwa chisina kubikwa mushure mekuumbwa kwe compression chine porosity shoma kwazvo.
Zvisinei, mushure mekugocha zvigadzirwa zvisina kubikwa, chikamu cheasphalt yemarasha chinoora kuita gasi uye chinobuda, uye chimwe chikamu chinobikiswa kuita bituminous coke.
Huwandu hwebituminous coke inogadzirwa hudiki zvikuru pane hwebitumen yemalahle. Kunyangwe ichidzikira zvishoma panguva yekugocha, maburi mazhinji asina kurongeka uye madiki ane saizi dzakasiyana dzemaburi achiri kuumbwa muchigadzirwa.
Semuenzaniso, huwandu hwese hwezvigadzirwa zvakagadziriswa hunowanzo kusvika 25-32%, uye hwezvigadzirwa zvekabhoni hunowanzova 16-25%.
Kuvapo kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwemaburi kuchakanganisa zvachose hunhu hwemuviri uye hwemakemikari hwezvigadzirwa.
Kazhinji, zvigadzirwa zvakagadziriswa negirafu zvine porosity yakawedzera, density yakaderera yevhoriyamu, resistivity yakawedzera, simba remakanika, pamwe ne oxidation rate patembiricha yakati, resistance yengura inodererawo, gasi nemvura zvinopinda zviri nyore.
Kuisa mushonga wekuzvimba (impregnation) inzira yekuderedza kuzara kwemvura, kuwedzera huwandu hwemvura, kuwedzera simba rekudzvanya, kuderedza kusimba kwechigadzirwa chapera, uye kushandura hunhu hwemuviri nemakemikari echigadzirwa.
Kugadzira girafu: Chii chinonzi girafu?
Chinangwa che graphitization ndechei?
Kugadzira girafiti (graphitization) inzira yekupisa zvakanyanya uchishandisa zvigadzirwa zvakabikwa kuti zvipise kusvika pakupisa kwakanyanya munzvimbo yekudzivirira yegirafiti (graphitization furnace) kuti girafiti yeatomu yekabhoni ine hexagonal ishanduke kubva pakusangana zvisina kurongeka munzvimbo ine mativi maviri kuenda pakusangana zvakarongeka munzvimbo ine mativi matatu uye ine chimiro chegirafiti.

Zvinangwa zvayo ndeizvi:
(1) Kuvandudza kufambiswa kwemhepo nemagetsi kwechigadzirwa.
(2) Kuvandudza kusimba kwekupisa uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari kwechigadzirwa.
(3) Kuvandudza kukora uye kuramba kupfeka kwechigadzirwa.
(4) Bvisa tsvina uye wedzera simba rechigadzirwa.

Kugadzira Machining: Sei zvigadzirwa zvekabhoni zvichida michina?
(1) Kudiwa kwekuvhiyiwa kwepurasitiki

Zvigadzirwa zvekabhoni zvakamanikidzwa zvine saizi nechimiro chakati zvine mwero wakasiyana wekukanganisika uye kukuvara kwekukanganisika panguva yekugocha uye graphitization. Panguva imwe chete, mamwe mafiller anosungirirwa pamusoro pezvigadzirwa zvekabhoni zvakamanikidzwa.
Hazvigone kushandiswa pasina kugadziriswa kwemuchina, saka chigadzirwa chinofanira kuumbwa uye kugadziriswa kuita chimiro chakatarwa chejometri.

(2) Kudiwa kwekushandiswa

Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemushandisi pakugadzirisa.
Kana electrode yegrafiti yekugadzira simbi yemagetsi ichida kubatanidzwa, inofanira kugadzirwa kuita buri rakarukwa kumativi ese echigadzirwa, uye maelectrode maviri acho anofanira kubatanidzwa kuti ashandiswe nejoinhi rakarukwa rakakosha.

(3) Zvinodiwa zvetekinoroji

Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinoda kugadziriswa kuita maumbirwo akakosha uye zvirevo zvichienderana nezvinodiwa netekinoroji zvevashandisi.
Kunyangwe kuomarara kwepazasi kwenzvimbo kunodiwa.

Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-10-2020