Raw materials: Ndeapi mambishi anoshandiswa kugadzira kabhoni?
Mukugadzira kabhoni, izvo mbishi zvinowanzoshandiswa zvinogona kukamurwa kuita yakasimba kabhoni raw materials uye binder uye impregnating agent.
Solid carbon raw materials zvinosanganisira petroleum coke, bituminous coke, metallurgical coke, anthracite, natural graphite uye graphite scrap, nezvimwe.
Binder uye inregnating agent inosanganisira marasha pitch, marasha tara, anthracene mafuta uye synthetic resin, nezvimwe.
Mukuwedzera, zvimwe zvekubatsira zvakadai sejecha requartz, metallurgical coke particles uye coke powder zvinoshandiswawo mukugadzira.
Zvimwe zvakakosha kabhoni uye zvigadzirwa zvegraphite (senge kabhoni faibha, activated kabhoni, pyrolytic kabhoni uye pyrolytic graphite, girazi kabhoni) inogadzirwa kubva kune zvimwe zvakakosha zvinhu.
Calcination: Chii chinonzi calcination?Ndeipi mbishi zvinhu zvinoda kuverengerwa?
Nzira yekurapa kupisa inonzi calcination.
Calcination ndiyo yekutanga kupisa kupisa maitiro mukugadzira kabhoni. Calcination inokonzeresa shanduko muchimiro uye chemuviri uye chemakemikari zvimiro zvemarudzi ese e carbonaceous raw materials.
Iyo coke inogadzira tembiricha yebituminous coke uye metallurgical coke yakakwira zvakanyanya (pamusoro pe1000 ° C), iyo yakaenzana nekushisa kwe calcining vira mune kabhoni chirimwa. Iyo haichakwanisa calcinate uye inongoda kuomeswa nehunyoro.
Zvisinei, kana bituminous coke nepetroleum coke zvikashandiswa pamwechete zvisati zvaitwa calcining, zvinofanira kutumirwa kune calciner kuti calcining pamwe nepetroleum coke.
Natural graphite uye kabhoni dema hazvidi calcination.
Iyo extrusion molding process inonyanya kuve yepurasitiki deformation maitiro epaste.
Iyo extrusion maitiro epaste inoitwa mukamuri yemidziyo (kana cylinder paste) uye denderedzwa arc nozzle.
Iyo inopisa paste mukamuri yekurodha inofambiswa neyekumashure main plunger.
Iyo gasi iri paste inomanikidzwa kuramba ichidzingwa, iyo paste inoramba ichibatanidzwa uye iyo paste inoenda mberi panguva imwe chete.
Kana iyo paste ichifamba muhumburumbira chikamu chekamuri, iyo paste inogona kutorwa seyakagadzikana kuyerera, uye iyo granular layer inofanana.
Kana iyo paste ichipinda muchikamu cheiyo extrusion nozzle ine arc deformation, iyo paste padhuze nemadziro emuromo inoiswa pasi pekupokana kwakanyanya kumberi, zvinhu zvinotanga kukotama, iyo paste mukati inoburitsa kukurumidza kwakasiyana, iyo yemukati paste kumberi mukati. mberi, zvichiita kuti chigadzirwa pamwe chete neradial density haisi yunifomu, saka mune extrusion block.
Pakupedzisira, iyo paste inopinda mumutsara deformation chikamu uye inowedzerwa.
Kugocha inzira yekupisa yekupisa umo zvigadzirwa zvakadzvanywa zvinopiswa pane imwe chiyero pasi pemamiriro ekuparadzanisa mweya mukati mekudzivirira mukati muchoto.
Mukugocha, nekuda kwekubviswa kwemhepo inopisa, kubikwa kweasphalt kunogadzira grid coke, kuparara uye polymerization yeasphalt, uye kuumbwa kweiyo huru hexagonal carbon ring plane network, nezvimwewo, iyo resistivity yakaderera zvakanyanya.About 10000 x 10-6 mbishi zvigadzirwa resistivity Ω "m, mushure mekugocha ne 40-50 x 10-6 Ω" m, inonzi yakanaka conductors.
Mushure mekugocha, chigadzirwa chinodzikira neinenge 1% muhupamhi, 2% pakureba uye 2-3% muhuwandu.
Zvisinei, mushure mokugocha zvigadzirwa, chikamu chemarasha cheasphalt chinosvibiswa kuva gasi uye chinopukunyuka, uye chimwe chikamu chiri kunyura mubituminous coke.
Iro vhoriyamu yakagadzirwa bituminous coke idiki zvakanyanya pane yemarasha bhitumeni. Kunyangwe ichidzikira zvishoma mukugocha, mazhinji asina kujairika uye madiki pores ane akasiyana pore saizi achiri kuumba muchigadzirwa.
Semuenzaniso, iyo yakazara porosity yezvigadzirwa zvegraphitized kazhinji inosvika 25-32%, uye iyo yezvigadzirwa zvekabhoni inowanzova 16-25%.
Kuvapo kwenhamba yakawanda ye pores inokanganisa zvisingadzivisiki maitiro emuviri uye makemikari ezvigadzirwa.
Kazhinji kutaura, zvigadzirwa zve graphiti zvine yakawedzera porosity, yakadzikira vhoriyamu density, yakawedzera resistivity, simba remuchina, pane imwe tembiricha yeiyo oxidation rate inokwidziridzwa, corrosion resistance inodzikira zvakare, gasi uye mvura inopinda nyore nyore.
Impregnation inzira yekudzikisa porosity, kuwedzera density, kuwedzera simba rekumanikidza, kuderedza resistivity yechigadzirwa chakapedzwa, uye kushandura chimiro chemuviri uye chemakemikari echigadzirwa.
Zvinangwa zvaro ndezvi:
(1) Kuvandudza kupisa uye magetsi conductivity yechigadzirwa.
(2) Kuvandudza kupisa kutyisa kuramba uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari yechigadzirwa.
(3) Kuvandudza lubricity uye kupfeka kuramba kwechigadzirwa.
(4) Bvisa tsvina uye uvandudze simba rechigadzirwa.
Iyo yakamanikidzwa kabhoni zvigadzirwa zvine humwe saizi uye chimiro zvine madhigirii akasiyana edeformation uye kudhumhana kukuvadzwa panguva yekugocha uye graphitization. Panguva imwecheteyo, mamwe mafiritsi anosungirirwa pamusoro peiyo compressed kabhoni zvigadzirwa.
Iyo haigone kushandiswa pasina mechanical processing, saka chigadzirwa chinofanira kuumbwa uye kugadziridzwa mune yakatarwa geometric chimiro.
(2) Kudiwa kwekushandisa
Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemushandisi pakugadzirisa.
Kana iyo graphite electrode yemagetsi echoto kugadzira simbi ichida kubatanidzwa, inofanirwa kugadzirwa mugomba rine shinda kumativi ese echigadzirwa, uye ipapo maelectrode maviri anofanirwa kubatanidzwa kuti ashandise neakakosha shinda yejoini.
(3) Zvido zvehunyanzvi
Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinoda kugadziridzwa kuita akakosha maumbirwo uye zvirevo zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvetekinoroji zvevashandisi.
Kunyange kuderera kwepamusoro kwepamusoro kunodiwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-10-2020