01. Nzira yekuisa sei recarburizers
Carburizers inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando ina zvichienderana neyakagadzirwa zvinhu.
1. Artificial graphite
Iyo huru yakasvibirira yekugadzira yekugadzira graphite ine upfu hwemhando yepamusoro calcined petroleum coke, umo asphalt inowedzerwa sebhainda, uye zvishoma zvezvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira zvinowedzerwa. Mushure mokunge zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasanganiswa zvakasanganiswa, zvinomanikidzwa uye zvinoumbwa, uye zvino kurapwa mumhepo isina-oxidizing pa 2500-3000 ° C kuti iite graphitized. Mushure mekupisa kwakanyanya kurapwa, madota, sarufa uye gasi zvirimo zvakaderedzwa zvakanyanya.
Nekuda kwemutengo wepamusoro wezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira magirafu, mazhinji ekugadzira magraphite recarburizers anowanzo shandiswa mumitsva zvinhu zvakadzokororwa senge machipisi, tsvina electrodes uye magraphite blocks pakugadzira magraphite electrode kuderedza mutengo wekugadzira.
Pakunyungudutsa ductile iron, kuitira kuti iyo metallurgical yemhando yesimbi yakakandwa ikwire, yekugadzira graphite inofanirwa kuve sarudzo yekutanga kune recarburizer.
2. Petroleum coke
Petroleum coke inoshandiswa zvakanyanya recarburizer.
Petroleum coke ndeye-chigadzirwa chinowanikwa nekunatsa mafuta asina kuchena. Masara uye petroleum pitches anowanikwa ne distillation pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakajairwa kana pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakaderedzwa kwemafuta asina kuchena anogona kushandiswa seyakagadzirwa kugadzirwa kwepetroleum coke, uye ipapo green petroleum coke inogona kuwanikwa mushure mekubika. Kugadzirwa kwegreen petroleum coke kunenge kuri pasi pe5% yehuwandu hwemafuta asina kuchena anoshandiswa. Kugadzirwa kwegore negore kwepetroleum coke yakasvibirira muUnited States inenge mamiriyoni makumi matatu ematani. Izvo zvisina kuchena zviri mugirini petroleum coke zvakakwirira, saka hazvigone kushandiswa zvakananga se recarburizer, uye inofanira kutanga yaverengerwa.
Raw petroleum coke inowanikwa mune-sponge-like, tsono-senge, granular uye fluid mafomu.
Sponge petroleum coke inogadzirwa nekunonoka coking nzira. Nekuda kwehuwandu hwesarufa uye simbi, inowanzoshandiswa sehuni panguva yekuverengera, uye inogona zvakare kushandiswa seyakagadzirwa calcined petroleum coke. Iyo calcined sponge coke inonyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri yealuminium uye senge recarburizer.
Tsono petroleum coke inogadzirwa nekunonoka coking nzira ine mbishi zvinhu zvine yakakwira inonhuhwirira mahydrocarboni uye yakaderera yemukati yetsvina. Iyi coke ine nyore kutsemuka tsono-yakafanana chimiro, dzimwe nguva inonzi graphite coke, uye inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira graphite electrodes mushure mekuverengera.
Granular petroleum coke iri muchimiro cheakaomarara granules uye inogadzirwa kubva kumidziyo ine yakakwira yesarufa uye asphaltene nekunonoka coking nzira, uye inonyanya kushandiswa sehuni.
Fluidized petroleum coke inowanikwa nekuenderera mberi coking mumubhedha unoyerera.
Kuverengerwa kwepetroleum coke ndiko kubvisa sarufa, unyoro, uye kuparara. Kuverengerwa kwegreen petroleum coke pa1200-1350°C kunogona kuita kuti ive yakachena zvakanyanya.
Mushandisi mukuru we calcined petroleum coke ndiyo indasitiri yealuminium, 70% iyo inoshandiswa kugadzira anode inoderedza bauxite. Inenge 6% ye calcined petroleum coke inogadzirwa muUnited States inoshandiswa kugadzira iron recarburizers.
3. Natural graphite
Natural graphite inogona kukamurwa kuita marudzi maviri: flake graphite uye microcrystalline graphite.
Microcrystalline graphite ine yakakwira madota emukati uye kazhinji haishandiswe seyezve recarburizer yesimbi yakakandwa.
Kune akawanda marudzi eflake graphite: yakakwira kabhoni flake graphite inoda kubviswa nemakemikari nzira, kana kupisa kusvika pakupisa kwakanyanya kuti iparadze uye ivhure ma oxides mairi. Madota ari mu graphite akakwirira, saka haana kukodzera kushandiswa se recarburizer; yepakati kabhoni graphite inonyanya kushandiswa senge recarburizer, asi iyo mari haina kuwanda.
4. Coke uye Anthracite
Mukuita kwemagetsi arc furnace steelmaking, coke kana anthracite inogona kuwedzerwa se recarburizer kana uchichaja. Nekuda kwedota rayo rakawanda uye nekusagadzikana kwemukati, induction choto chinonyungudutsa simbi yakakandwa haiwanzo kushandiswa serecarburizer.
Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, kunyanya kutariswa kunobhadharwa kune zviwanikwa zvekushandisa, uye mitengo yenguruve iron uye coke inoramba ichikwira, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwemutengo wekukanda. Zvivako zvakawanda zvave kutanga kushandisa mavira emagetsi kutsiva echinyakare cupola kunyungudika. Mukutanga kwa2011, diki nepakati zvikamu musangano wefekitori yedu yakatorawo nzira yekunyungudusa yemagetsi kutsiva iyo yechinyakare cupola kunyunguduka. Kushandiswa kwesimbi yakakura yesimbi yakanyungudutswa muchoto chemagetsi haingodzikisi mari chete, asiwo inovandudza ma mechanic properties ye castings, asi rudzi rwe recarburizer rinoshandiswa uye iyo carburizing process inoita basa rakakosha.
02. Maitiro ekushandisa recarburizer mu induction furnace smelting
1 Iwo makuru marudzi e recarburizers
Kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa sesimbi yakakandwa recarburizers, inowanzoshandiswa ndeye artificial graphite, calcined petroleum coke, natural graphite, coke, anthracite, uye musanganiswa wakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakadaro.
(1) Artificial graphite Pakati pezvakasiyana-siyana recarburizers zvataurwa pamusoro apa, yakanakisa mhando igraphite yakagadzirwa. Iyo huru yakasvibirira yekugadzira yekugadzira graphite ine upfu hwemhando yepamusoro calcined petroleum coke, umo asphalt inowedzerwa sebhainda, uye zvishoma zvezvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira zvinowedzerwa. Mushure mokunge zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasanganiswa zvakasanganiswa pamwe chete, zvinomanikidzwa uye zvinoumbwa, uye zvino kurapwa mumhepo isina-oxidizing pa 2500-3000 ° C kuti iite graphitized. Mushure mekurapwa kwekushisa kwakanyanya, madota, sarufa uye gasi zvakaderedzwa zvakanyanya. Kana pasina petroleum coke yakaverengerwa pakupisa kwepamusoro kana kuti isina kukwana tembiricha yekuverengera, kunaka kweiyo recarburizer kuchakanganiswa zvakanyanya. Naizvozvo, kunaka kweiyo recarburizer kunonyanya kuenderana nedhigirii regraphitization. A good recarburizer ine graphic carbon (mass fraction) Pa95% kusvika 98%, sulfur content is 0.02% to 0.05%, uye nitrogen content is (100 kusvika 200) × 10-6.
(2) Petroleum coke inowanzoshandiswa recarburizer. Petroleum coke ndeye-chigadzirwa chinowanikwa kubva mukunatsa mafuta asina kuchena. Zvisaririra uye petroleum pitches zvakawanikwa kubva kune yakajairwa kudzvanywa distillation kana vacuum distillation yemafuta asina kuchena anogona kushandiswa seyakagadziriswa kugadzirwa kwepetroleum coke. Mushure mekubika, mbishi petroleum coke inogona kuwanikwa. Izvo zvirimo zvakakwirira uye hazvigone kushandiswa zvakananga se recarburizer, uye zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa kutanga.
(3) Natural graphite inogona kukamurwa kuita marudzi maviri: flake graphite uye microcrystalline graphite. Microcrystalline graphite ine yakakwira madota emukati uye kazhinji haishandiswe seyezve recarburizer yesimbi yakakandwa. Kune akawanda marudzi eflake graphite: yakakwira kabhoni flake graphite inoda kubviswa nemakemikari nzira, kana kupisa kusvika pakupisa kwakanyanya kuti iparadze uye ivhure ma oxides mairi. Iyo madota emukati mugraphite akakwira uye haifanirwe kushandiswa seyakagadziriswazve. Medium kabhoni graphite inonyanya kushandiswa senge recarburizer, asi iyo mari haina kuwanda.
(4) Coke uye anthracite Mukuita kwekunyungudika kwevira remoto, coke kana anthracite inogona kuwedzerwa se recarburizer paunenge uchichaja. Nekuda kwedota rayo rakawanda uye nekusagadzikana kwemukati, induction choto chinonyungudutsa simbi yakakandwa haiwanzo kushandiswa serecarburizer. , Mutengo weiyi recarburizer yakaderera, uye ndeye yakaderera-giredhi recarburizer.
2. Nheyo ye carburization yesimbi yakanyungudutswa
Mukuita kunyungudutsa kwesimbi yakagadzirwa nesimbi, nekuda kwehuwandu hwezvimedu zvakawedzerwa uye yakaderera C yemukati musimbi yakanyungudutswa, carburizer inofanira kushandiswa kuwedzera kabhoni. Iyo kabhoni iripo muchimiro chechikamu mune recarburizer ine tembiricha yekunyungudika ye3727 ° C uye haigone kunyungudutswa pakupisa kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa. Naizvozvo, iyo kabhoni mune recarburizer inonyanya kunyungudika musimbi yakanyungudutswa nenzira mbiri dzekunyungudika uye kupararira. Kana zviri mukati megraphite recarburizer musimbi yakanyungudutswa iri 2.1%, graphite inogona kunyungudika zvakananga musimbi yakanyungudutswa. Iyo yakananga mhinduro chiitiko cheiyo isiri-graphite carbonization haipo, asi nekufamba kwenguva, kabhoni zvishoma nezvishoma inopararira uye inonyungudika musimbi yakanyungudutswa. Pakudzoreredzwa kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa nechoto chekupinza, chiyero chekudzorerazve checrystalline graphite recarburization chakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura icho chisiri chegraphite recarburizers.
Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti kunyungudika kwekabhoni musimbi yakanyungudutswa kunodzorwa nekabhoni misa kufambiswa mumvura yemuganhu wemupendero pamusoro pezvimedu zvakasimba. Kuenzanisa mibairo yakawanikwa necoke uye marasha zvidimbu nemhedzisiro yakawanikwa negraphite, zvinoonekwa kuti kupararira uye kunyungudika kweiyo graphite recarburizers musimbi yakanyungudutswa inokurumidza zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo yecoke nemarasha zvidimbu. Iwo akanyungudutswa zvishoma ecoke nemarasha particle samples akaonekwa neelectronic microscope, uye zvakaonekwa kuti danda rakatetepa rinonamira rakaumbwa pamusoro pemasamples, icho chaive chinhu chikuru chaikanganisa kupararira kwavo nekunyunguduka kuita musimbi yakanyungudutswa.
3. Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kushanda kwekabhoni kuwedzera
(1) Pesvedzero yehukuru hwechikamu cheiyo recarburizer Mwero wekutorwa kweiyo recarburizer zvinoenderana neyakasanganiswa mhedzisiro yekunyungudika uye kupararira mwero weiyo recarburizer uye chiyero chekurasikirwa kweoxidation. Kazhinji, zvimedu zve recarburizer zvidiki, kukurumidza kupera kunokurumidza, uye kukurumidza kurasikirwa kwakakura; iyo carburizer particles yakakura, iyo yekunyungudika inononoka, uye yekurasikirwa nekumhanya idiki. Sarudzo yehukuru hwechikamu cheiyo recarburizer inoenderana nedhayamita uye kugona kwechoto. Kazhinji, kana dhayamita uye kugona kwechoto kwakakura, saizi yechikamu cheiyo recarburizer inofanira kunge yakakura; pane zvinopesana, iyo particle size ye recarburizer inofanira kuva diki.
(2) Pesvedzero yehuwandu hweiyo recarburizer yakawedzerwa Pasi pemamiriro eimwe tembiricha uye yakafanana kemikari kuumbwa, iyo yakazara kusanganiswa kwekabhoni musimbi yakanyungudutswa ndeyechokwadi. Pasi peimwe dhigirii yekuzara, iyo inowedzera recarburizer yakawedzera, iyo yakareba nguva inodiwa yekunyungudutswa uye kupararira, yakakura kurasikirwa kunoenderana, uye kuderera kweyero yekunyura.
(3) Mhedzisiro yetembiricha pachiyero chekunyudzwa kweiyo recarburizer Mumusimboti, iyo yakakwira tembiricha yesimbi yakanyungudutswa, ndiyo inonyanya kubatsira pakutorwa uye kunyungudika kweiyo recarburizer. Pane zvinopesana, iyo recarburizer yakaoma kunyungudika, uye iyo recarburizer yekunyudza mwero inoderera. Nekudaro, kana tembiricha yesimbi yakanyungudutswa yakakwira zvakanyanya, kunyangwe iyo recarburizer ingangoita kunyungudika zvizere, kupisa kwekurasikirwa kwekabhoni kunowedzera, izvo zvinozopedzisira zvakonzera kudzikira kwekabhoni yemukati uye kuderera kweiyo yakazara. chiyero chekutorwa kweiyo recarburizer. Kazhinji, kana tembiricha yesimbi yakanyungudutswa iri pakati pe1460 ne1550 ° C, kugona kunyura kweiyo recarburizer ndiko kwakanyanya kunaka.
(4) Pesvedzero yesimbi yakanyungudutswa inobvongodza pachiyero chekunyura kwerecarburizer Kukurudzira kunobatsira pakunyungudutswa uye kupararira kwekabhoni, uye inodzivirira iyo recarburizer inoyangarara pamusoro pesimbi yakanyungudutswa uye nekupiswa. Isati recarburizer yanyungudika zvachose, nguva yekukurudzira yakareba uye chiyero chekutora chakakwira. Kukurudzira zvakare kunogona kuderedza iyo carbonization inobata nguva, kupfupisa kutenderera kwekugadzira, uye kudzivirira kupisa kwealloying zvinhu musimbi yakanyungudutswa. Zvisinei, kana nguva yekukurudzira yakarebesa, haina simba guru pahupenyu hwebasa rechoto, asiwo inowedzera kurasikirwa kwekabhoni musimbi yakanyungudutswa mushure mokunge recarburizer yanyungudutswa. Nokudaro, nguva yakakodzera yekukurudzira yesimbi yakanyungudutswa inofanira kunge yakakodzera kuve nechokwadi chokuti recarburizer yakanyungudutswa zvachose.
(5) Pesvedzero yemakemikari ekuumbwa kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa pachiyero chekunyura kweiyo recarburizer Kana iyo yekutanga kabhoni yemukati musimbi yakanyungudutswa yakakwira, pasi peimwe muganho wekunyunguduka, chiyero chekunyura cheiyo recarburizer chinononoka, huwandu hwekutora hudiki. , uye kurasikirwa kwekutsva kwakakura. The recarburizer absorption rate yakaderera. Zvakapesana ndezvechokwadi kana kabhoni yekutanga yesimbi yakanyungudutswa yakadzikira. Pamusoro pezvo, silicon nesarufa musimbi yakanyungudutswa zvinotadzisa kunyura kwekabhoni uye kuderedza kunyudzwa kweiyo recarburizers; nepo manganese ichibatsira kunwisa kabhoni uye kuvandudza mwero wekutorwa kwevanoitazve. Panyaya yechiyero chesimba, silicon ndiyo yakakura, inoteverwa nemanganese, uye kabhoni nesarufa zvine simba shoma. Naizvozvo, mune chaiyo yekugadzira maitiro, manganese inofanira kuwedzerwa kutanga, ipapo kabhoni, uye ipapo silicon.
4. Mhedzisiro yezvakasiyana recarburizer pane zvinhu zvesimbi yakakandwa
(1) Mamiriro ekuedzwa Maviri 5t epakati frequency coreless induction furnaces akashandiswa kunyunguduka, aine simba guru re3000kW uye frequency ye500Hz. Zvinoenderana nemazuva ese batching runyorwa rwemusangano (50% kudzorera zvinhu, 20% yenguruve simbi, 30% zvisaririra), shandisa yakaderera-nitrogen calcined recarburizer uye graphite-mhando recarburizer kunyungudutsa choto chesimbi yakanyungudutswa zvichiteerana, maererano process zvinodiwa Mushure mekugadzirisa chimiro chemakemikari, kanda silinda huru inotakura chivharo zvichiteerana.
Nzira yekugadzira: Iyo recarburizer inowedzerwa kuchoto chemagetsi mumabheti panguva yekudya kwekunyunguduka, 0.4% primary inoculant (silicon barium inoculant) inowedzerwa mukugadzirisa, uye 0.1% yechipiri inoculant inoculant (Silicon barium inoculant). Shandisa DISA2013 styling line.
(2) Mechanical zvivakwa Kuti uone mhedzisiro yezviviri zvakasiyana recarburizer pane zvivakwa zvesimbi yakanyungudutswa, uye kudzivirira kukanganiswa kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa kuumbwa pane zvabuda, iyo yakanyungudutswa yesimbi yakagadzirwa yakanyungudutswa neakasiyana recarburizers yakagadziridzwa kuti ive yakafanana. . Kuti unyatso ongorora zvawanikwa, mukuyedza maitiro, mukuwedzera kune maviri seti e30mm mabhawa ebvunzo akadirwa muvira maviri esimbi yakanyungudutswa, gumi nemaviri zvidimbu zvakakandwa musimbi imwe neimwe yakanyungudutswa zvakasarudzwawo zvisina tsarukano kuti Brinell kuomarara kuyedzwa. (6 zvidimbu / bhokisi, kuedza mabhokisi maviri).
Panyaya yeinoda kuumbwa kwakafanana, kusimba kwemabhawa ekuedzwa anogadzirwa nekushandisa iyo graphite-mhando recarburizer yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo yemabhawa ebvunzo akakandwa nekushandisa iyo calcined-mhando recarburizer, uye nekugadzirisa mashandiro emitambo inogadzirwa ne. iyo graphite-type recarburizer iri pachena iri nani pane inogadzirwa nekushandisa graphite-mhando recarburizer. Castings inogadzirwa ne calcined recarburizers (kana kuomarara kwekukanda kwanyanya, mupendero wekukanda unozoonekwa kusvetuka kwebanga chiitiko panguva yekugadzirisa).
(3) Magirafu mafomu emasampuli anoshandisa graphite-mhando recarburizer ese A-mhando graphite, uye nhamba yegraphite yakakura uye saizi idiki.
Mhedziso dzinotevera dzinotorwa kubva pamhedzisiro yebvunzo iri pamusoro: yemhando yepamusoro graphite-mhando recarburizer haingogone kuvandudza ma mechanic zvivakwa zvekukanda, kuvandudza iyo metallographic chimiro, asi zvakare inovandudza mashandiro ekugadzira.
03. Epilogue
(1) Izvo zvinhu zvinokanganisa kunyudzwa kweiyo recarburizer saizi yechikamu cheiyo recarburizer, huwandu hweiyo recarburizer yakawedzerwa, tembiricha yekudzoreredza, nguva yekukurudzira yesimbi yakanyungudutswa uye kuumbwa kwekemikari yesimbi yakanyungudutswa.
(2) Yepamusoro-mhando graphite-mhando recarburizer haingogone kuvandudza ma mechanic zvimiro zve castings, kuvandudza iyo metallographic chimiro, asi zvakare inovandudza mashandiro ekugadzirisa. Naizvozvo, kana uchigadzira zvigadzirwa zvakakosha senge cylinder blocks uye silinda misoro mune induction choto kunyunguduka, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa emhando yepamusoro graphite-mhando recarburizers.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-08-2022