I. Maitiro ekuisa muzvikamu zve recarburizers
MaCarburizer anogona kukamurwa kuita mhando ina zvichienderana nezvinhu zvavo.
1. Grafiti yekugadzira
Chinhu chikuru chekugadzira graphite yekugadzira ihupfu hwepamusoro-soro hwe calcined petroleum coke, umo asphalt inowedzerwa se binder, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvishoma zvinowedzerwa. Mushure mekunge zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvasanganiswa, zvinodzvanywa uye zvinogadzirwa, uye zvozogadziriswa mumhepo isina oxidizing pa 2500-3000 ° C kuti zviite graphitized. Mushure mekupisa kwakanyanya, dota, sarufa uye gasi zvinodzikira zvakanyanya.
Nekuda kwemutengo wakakwira wezvigadzirwa zvegrafiti yekugadzira, akawanda emagrafiti ekugadzira anowanzoshandiswa mumafoundry zvinhu zvakadzokororwa zvakaita semachipisi, maerekitironi emarara uye mabhuroko egrafiti pakugadzira maerekitironi egrafiti kuderedza mari yekugadzira.
Pakunyungudutsa simbi yakanyungudutswa, kuti simbi yakanyungudutswa ive yakakwira, graphite yekugadzira inofanira kuva sarudzo yekutanga ye recarburizer.
2. Koka yepeturu
Petroleum coke inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu recarburizer.
Petroleum coke chinhu chinobva mumafuta anoshandiswa pakuchenesa mafuta asina kucheneswa. Masara nemafuta anowanikwa nekudishwa pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakajairika kana pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakaderera kwemafuta asina kucheneswa anogona kushandiswa sezvinhu zvekugadzira petroleum coke, uye ipapo petroleum coke ine green petroleum coke inogona kuwanikwa mushure mekudishwa. Kugadzirwa kwepetroleum coke ine green petroleum coke kunenge kuri pasi pe5% yehuwandu hwemafuta asina kucheneswa anoshandiswa. Kugadzirwa kwegore negore kwepetroleum coke isina kucheneswa muUnited States kunosvika matani mamiriyoni makumi matatu. Hunhu hwekusachena mupetroleum coke ine green petroleum coke hwakakwira, saka haigone kushandiswa zvakananga se recarburizer, uye inofanira kutanga yaiswa calcium.
Coke yepetroleum isina kubikwa inowanikwa muchimiro chakaita sechipanji, setsono, chegranular uye chemvura.
Chinogadzirwa nesimbi inonzi sponge petroleum coke chinogadzirwa nenzira yekunonoka kubikwa. Nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwakawanda hwesarufa nesimbi, chinowanzo shandiswa semafuta panguva yekubikwa, uye chinogona kushandiswawo sechinhu chisina kugadzirwa che calcium petroleum coke. Chinogadzirwa nesimbi inonzi calcium sponge coke chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yearuminiyamu uye se recarburizer.
Coke yepetroleum ine tsono inogadzirwa nenzira yekunonoka kubika ine zvinhu zvakagadziriswa zvine huwandu hwakawanda hwemahydrocarbon anonhuhwirira uye huwandu hushoma hwetsvina. Coke iyi ine chimiro chakaita setsono chinotsemuka nyore nyore, dzimwe nguva chinonzi graphite coke, uye inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira ma electrodes e graphite mushure mekunyungudika.
Koke yepetroleum ine granular iri muchimiro chegranules dzakaoma uye inogadzirwa nezvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvine sarufa yakawanda neasphaltene nenzira yekunonoka kubika, uye inonyanya kushandiswa semafuta.
Coke yepetroleum ine fluidized inowanikwa nekuramba uchibika pamubhedha une fluidized.
Kunyungudutsa kwe petroleum coke kunobvisa sarufa, hunyoro, uye kunhuhwirira. Kunyungudutsa kwe green petroleum coke pa 1200-1350°C kunogona kuita kuti ive kabhoni yakachena.
Indasitiri yealuminium inoshandisa calcium coke yakawanda, iyo 70% inoshandiswa kugadzira anodes inoderedza bauxite. Inenge 6% ye calcium coke inogadzirwa muUnited States inoshandiswa kugadzira cast iron recarburizers.
3. Grafiti yechisikigo
Graphite yechisikigo inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: flake graphite uye microcrystalline graphite.
Graphite yeMicrocrystalline ine dota rakawanda uye haiwanzo shandiswa semuchina wekugadzirisa simbi.
Kune mhando dzakawanda dze flake graphite: graphite ine carbon flake yakawanda inofanira kuburitswa nenzira dzemakemikari, kana kupiswa kusvika pakupisa kwakanyanya kuti iore uye iparadze ma oxide ari mairi. Dota riri mu graphite rakawanda, saka harina kukodzera kushandiswa se recarburizer; medium carbon graphite inonyanya kushandiswa se recarburizer, asi huwandu hwayo hahuna kuwanda.
4. Carbon Coke neAnthracite
Mukugadzirwa kwesimbi dzemagetsi dzemuchoto, coke kana anthracite zvinogona kuwedzerwa se recarburizer kana zvichichajwa. Nekuda kwedota rayo rakawanda uye huwandu hwayo hunoshanduka, simbi inonyungudutsa muchoto che induction haiwanzo shandiswa se recarburizer.
Nekuvandudzika kuri kuramba kuchiitwa kwezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza nharaunda, kutarisisa kuri kuramba kuchiwedzerwa pakushandiswa kwezviwanikwa, uye mitengo yesimbi yenguruve necoke iri kuramba ichikwira, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwemutengo wekugadzira zvinhu zvakakandwa. Makambani akawanda ari kutanga kushandisa maovheni emagetsi kutsiva kunyunguduka kwecupola. Pakutanga kwa2011, nzvimbo diki nepakati yefekitori yedu yakatorawo nzira yekunyunguduka kwechoto chemagetsi kutsiva nzira yekunyunguduka kwecupola. Kushandiswa kwesimbi yakawanda yakachekwa mukugadzira zvinhu zvakakandwa muchoto chemagetsi hakungoderedzi mari chete, asiwo kunovandudza hunhu hwemakanika ekugadzira zvinhu zvakakandwa, asi mhando yecarburizer inoshandiswa uye nzira yecarburizing inoita basa guru.
II.Mashandisirwo e recarburizkunyungudutsa muchoto cheinduction
1. Mhando huru dze recarburizers
Kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa semidziyo yesimbi yakakandwa, zvinowanzoshandiswa zvinosanganisira graphite yekugadzira, calcined petroleum coke, natural graphite, coke, anthracite, uye musanganiswa wakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakadaro.
(1) Graphite yekugadzira Pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogadziriswazve zvataurwa pamusoro apa, mhando yepamusoro ndeyegraphite yekugadzira. Chinhu chikuru chekugadzira graphite yekugadzira ihupfu hwepamusoro-soro hwe calcined petroleum coke, umo asphalt inowedzerwa se binder, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvishoma zvinowedzerwa. Mushure mekunge zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvasanganiswa, zvinodzvanywa uye zvinoumbwa, uye zvozogadziriswa munzvimbo isina oxidizing pa2500-3000 °C kuti zviitwe graphitized. Mushure mekugadziriswa kwekupisa kwakanyanya, dota, sarufa uye gasi zvinodzikira zvakanyanya. Kana pasina petroleum coke yakagadziriswazve pakupisa kwakanyanya kana tembiricha ye calcination isina kukwana, mhando ye recarburizer ichakanganiswa zvakanyanya. Saka, mhando ye recarburizer inonyanya kuenderana nehuwandu hwe graphitization. Muchina wakanaka wekugadzirisa zvinhu une graphitic carbon (mass fraction). Pa 95% kusvika 98%, sarufa iri pakati pe 0.02% kusvika 0.05%, uye nitrogen iri pakati pe (100 kusvika 200) × 10-6.
(2) Petroleum coke inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirisa mafuta. Petroleum coke chinhu chinobva mukuchenesa mafuta asina kucheneswa. Masara uye nzvimbo dzemafuta dzinowanikwa kubva mukugadzirisa mafuta asina kucheneswa nguva dzose kana musanganiswa wemafuta asina kucheneswa anogona kushandiswa sezvinhu zvekugadzira petroleum coke. Mushure mekugadzira, petroleum coke isina kucheneswa inogona kuwanikwa. Zviri mukati mayo zvakawanda uye hazvigone kushandiswa zvakananga semusanganiswa wemafuta, uye inofanira kutanga yaiswa calcium.
(3) Graphite yechisikigo inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: flake graphite ne microcrystalline graphite. Microcrystalline graphite ine dota rakawanda uye kazhinji haishandiswi se recarburizer yesimbi yakakandwa. Kune mhando dzakawanda dze flake graphite: flake graphite ine kabhoni yakawanda inofanira kuburitswa nenzira dzemakemikari, kana kupiswa kusvika pakupisa kwakanyanya kuti iore uye iparadze ma oxide ari mairi. Dota riri mu graphite rakawanda uye harifanirwe kushandiswa se recarburizer. Graphite yekabhoni yepakati inonyanya kushandiswa se recarburizer, asi huwandu hwayo hahuna kuwanda.
(4) Carbon Coke neanthracite Mukushanda kwekunyungudutsa furnace, coke kana anthracite zvinogona kuwedzerwa se recarburizer kana zvichichajwa. Nekuda kwedota rayo rakawanda uye kusimba kwemhepo, simbi yekunyungudutsa furnace haiwanzo shandiswa se recarburizer. , Mutengo we recarburizer iyi wakaderera, uye ndeye recarburizer yepasi.
2. Nheyo yekushandiswa kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa mu carburization
Mukugadzirwa kwesimbi yakagadzirwa nesimbi yakagadzirwa, nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwezvimedu zvakawedzerwa uye huwandu hwakaderera hweC musimbi yakanyungudutswa, carburizer inofanira kushandiswa kuwedzera kabhoni. Kabhoni iripo muchimiro chechinhu chiri mu recarburizer ine tembiricha yekunyungudutswa ye3727°C uye haigone kunyungudutswa patembiricha yesimbi yakanyungudutswa. Naizvozvo, kabhoni iri mu recarburizer inonyanya kunyungudutswa musimbi yakanyungudutswa nenzira mbiri dzekunyungudutswa nekupararira. Kana huwandu hwe graphite recarburizer musimbi yakanyungudutswa huri 2.1%, graphite inogona kunyungudutswa zvakananga musimbi yakanyungudutswa. Chinhu chekugadzirisa zvakananga che non-graphite carbonization hachipo, asi nekufamba kwenguva, kabhoni inopararira zvishoma nezvishoma uye inonyungudutswa musimbi yakanyungudutswa. Kuti isimbi yakanyungudutswa irambe ichinyungudutswa ne induction furnace, chiyero che recarburization che crystalline graphite recarburization chakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura che non-graphite recarburizers.
Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti kunyungudika kwekabhoni musimbi yakanyungudutswa kunodzorwa nekufambiswa kwekabhoni muchikamu chemuganho wemvura pamusoro pezvikamu zvakasimba. Kuenzanisa mhedzisiro yakawanikwa nezvikamu zvecoke nemarasha nemigumisiro yakawanikwa negraphite, zvakaonekwa kuti kupararira nekunyungudika kwezvigadziriso zvegrafiti musimbi yakanyungudutswa kunokurumidza kupfuura kwezvikamu zvecoke nemarasha. Zvikamu zvecoke nemarasha zvakanyungudutswa zvishoma zvakaonekwa ne electron microscope, uye zvakaonekwa kuti chikamu chidiki cheash chakagadzirwa pamusoro pezvikamu, icho chaive chinhu chikuru chaikanganisa kupararira kwavo nekunyungudutswa musimbi yakanyungudutswa.
3. Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kuwedzerwa kweKabhoni
(1) Kukanganiswa kwehukuru hwezvimedu zve recarburizer Kuwanda kwechinhu chinonyudzwa mu recarburizer kunoenderana nemhedzisiro yakabatana yekunyungudika nekupararira kwe recarburizer pamwe nekurasikirwa kwe oxidation. Kazhinji, zvimedu zve recarburizer zvidiki, kumhanya kwekunyungudika kunokurumidza, uye kumhanya kwekurasikirwa kukuru; zvimedu zve carburizer zvakakura, kumhanya kwekunyungudika kunonoka, uye kumhanya kwekurasikirwa kudiki. Sarudzo yehukuru hwezvimedu zve recarburizer ine chekuita nedhayamita nekugona kwechoto. Kazhinji, kana dhayamita nekugona kwechoto zvakakura, saizi yezvimedu zve recarburizer inofanira kunge yakakura; pane zvinopesana, saizi yezvimedu zve recarburizer inofanira kunge iri diki.
(2) Simba rehuwandu hwe recarburizer yakawedzerwa Pasi pemamiriro ekupisa kwakati uye makemikari akafanana, huwandu hwakazara hwekabhoni musimbi yakanyungudutswa hunonyatsoonekwa. Pasi pehuwandu hwakati hwe saturation, recarburizer yakawedzerwa yakawanda, nguva yakareba inodiwa yekunyunguduka nekupararira, kurasikirwa kwakakodzera kunowedzera, uye mwero weabsorption wakaderera.
(3) Mhedzisiro yekupisa pahuwandu hwekunyudzwa kwe recarburizer. Chaizvoizvo, kana tembiricha yesimbi yakanyungudutswa yakakwira, zvinoita kuti recarburizer inyunguduke uye inyunguduke. Kusiyana neizvi, recarburizer yakaoma kunyungudutswa, uye huwandu hwekunyungudutswa kwe recarburizer hunoderera. Zvisinei, kana tembiricha yesimbi yakanyungudutswa yakakwira zvakanyanya, kunyangwe recarburizer ichinyanya kunyungudutswa zvizere, huwandu hwekurasikirwa kwekabhoni hunotsva hunowedzera, izvo zvinozopedzisira zvaita kuti kabhoni iderere uye huwandu hwekunyudzwa kwe recarburizer huderere. Kazhinji, kana tembiricha yesimbi yakanyungudutswa iri pakati pe1460 ne1550 °C, kushanda zvakanaka kwe recarburizer ndiko kwakanyanya kunaka.
(4) Kukanganiswa kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa pakunyungudutswa kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa. Kukurunga kunobatsira pakunyungudutswa nekupararira kwekabhoni, uye kunodzivirira kuti recarburizer ifambe pamusoro pesimbi yakanyungudutswa yopiswa. Recarburizer isati yanyungudutswa zvachose, nguva yekukurunga yakareba uye mwero wekunyungudutswa wakakwira. Kukurunga kunogonawo kuderedza nguva yekubata carbonization, kupfupisa kutenderera kwekugadzirwa, uye kudzivirira kupisa kwezvinhu zvinosanganisa musimbi yakanyungudutswa. Zvisinei, kana nguva yekukurunga yakareba zvakanyanya, haingogumiri pakusimba kwehupenyu hwechoto, asiwo kunowedzera kurasikirwa kwekabhoni musimbi yakanyungudutswa mushure mekunge recarburizer yanyungudutswa. Saka, nguva yakakodzera yekukurunga yesimbi yakanyungudutswa inofanira kukodzera kuve nechokwadi chekuti recarburizer yanyungudutswa zvachose.
(5) Kukanganiswa kwemakemikari esimbi yakanyungudutswa pahuwandu hwekunyungudutswa kwe recarburizer Kana huwandu hwekabhoni yekutanga musimbi yakanyungudutswa hwakakwira, pasi pemuganho wakati wekunyungudutswa, huwandu hwekunyungudutswa kwe recarburizer hunononoka, huwandu hwekunyungudutswa hushoma, uye kurasikirwa kwekupisa kwakawanda. Hunhu hwekunyungudutswa kwe recarburizer hwakaderera. Zvakasiyana ndezvechokwadi kana huwandu hwekabhoni yekutanga musimbi yakanyungudutswa hwakaderera. Pamusoro pezvo, silicon nesarufa musimbi yakanyungudutswa zvinodzivisa kunyungudutswa kwekabhoni uye zvinoderedza huwandu hwekunyungudutswa kwe recarburizers; nepo manganese ichibatsira kunyungudutswa kwekabhoni uye kuvandudza huwandu hwekunyungudutswa kwe recarburizers. Panyaya yehunhu hwesimba, silicon ndiyo yakakura, ichiteverwa nemanganese, uye kabhoni nesarufa hazvina simba rakawanda. Saka, mukugadzirwa chaiko, manganese inofanira kuwedzerwa kutanga, tevere kabhoni, uye tevere silicon.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-04-2022