Muna 1955, Jilin Carbon Factory, kambani yekutanga ye graphite electrode muChina, yakatanga kushanda zviri pamutemo nerubatsiro rwenyanzvi dzehunyanzvi kubva kuSoviet Union yaimbova. Munhoroondo yekugadzirwa kwe graphite electrode, kune mavara maviri echiChinese.
Electrode yeGraphite, iyo inodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya, ine hunhu hwakanaka hwekuburitsa magetsi uye kugadzira magetsi, inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira magetsi.simbi.
Kana tichitarisa kukwira kwezvinhu, graphite electrode yegore rino haisi kushanda. Avhareji yemutengo wemusika we graphite electrode waive 21393 yuan/tani,yakakwira ne51%kubva panguva imwe cheteyo gore rapfuura. Nekuda kweizvi, electrode yegrafiti yemuno mukoma mukuru (mugove wemusika unopfuura 20%) - Fang Da carbon (600516) muzvikamu zvitatu zvekutanga zvegore rino mari yekushanda ye3.57 bhiriyoni yuan, kukura kwegore negore kwe37%, inodzokera kukukura kweprofiti ye118%. Kubudirira uku kunoshamisa kwakakwezva masangano anopfuura makumi matatu kuti aongorore muvhiki rapfuura, pakati pawo mune makambani mazhinji makuru ekuunganidza mari eruzhinji akadai saEfonda naHarvest.
Uye shamwari dzinoteerera indasitiri yemagetsi dzinoziva kuti pasi pesimba resimbi retembere, kushandiswa kwesimba kwakawanda uye maindasitiri ekusvibiswa kwakanyanya akamisa kugadzirwa nekuvharwa. Mafekitori esimbi semakambani ane simbi mbiri anofanirawo kutamba basa guru mudunhu resimbi nesimbi reHebei. Chokwadi ndechekuti, kugadzirwa kwesimbi kushoma, kudiwa kwe graphite electrode kuchadererawo, neminwe inogona kufunga, mitengo ye graphite electrode inofanira kudzikira ah.
1. Pasina ma electrodes e graphite, ma arc furnaces emagetsi haashande zvechokwadi
Kuti munzwisise zvakadzama nezvema graphite electrodes, zvakakosha kuti muvhure cheni yeindasitiri kuti muone zvishoma. Pamusoro, graphite electrode kuenda ku petroleum coke, needle coke zvigadzirwa zviviri zvemakemikari sezvinhu zvakagadziriswa, kuburikidza nekugadzirira maitiro akaomarara gumi nerimwe,Tani imwe chete ye graphite electrode inoda matani 1.02 ezvinhu zvakagadziriswa, kutenderera kwekugadzirwa kwemazuva anopfuura makumi mashanu, mutengo wezvinhu wakaita kupfuura 65%.
Sezvandambotaura, ma electrode e graphite anofambisa magetsi. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemagetsi hunobvumidzwa, ma electrode e graphite anogona kukamurwa kuitasimba renguva dzose, simba guru uye simba rakawanda kwazvomaerekitirodhi egirafiti. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemaerekitirodhi dzine hunhu hwakasiyana hwemuviri nehwemakemikari.
Pasi perwizi, ma electrode e graphite anoshandiswa mu arc ovens, industrial silicon uyephosphorus yeyerokugadzirwa kwesimbi, kugadzirwa kwesimbi kunowanzoita se80%Pakushandiswa kwese kwema electrode e graphite, mutengo wazvino uno unonyanya kukonzerwa neindasitiri yesimbi. Mumakore achangopfuura, nekuwedzera kwenhamba yesimbi dze EAF dzine simba rakawanda uye dzinoshanda zvakanaka, ma electrode e graphite ari kufambira mberiwo achienda kune simba rakawanda, iro rine simba rakawanda kupfuura simba remazuva ese. Ndiani anonyatsogonaelectrode ye graphite ine simba guru repamusorotekinoroji, uyo achatungamira musika wemangwana. Parizvino, vagadziri gumi vepamusoro pasi rose vema electrodes e graphite ane simba rakawanda kwazvo vanosvika 44.4% yehuwandu hwese hwema electrodes e graphite ane simba rakawanda kwazvo pasi rose. Musika wacho wakabatana zvakanyanya, uye nyika huru iJapan.
Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani zvinotevera, heino sumo pfupi yenzira yekugadzira simbi. Kazhinji, kunyungudutsa simbi nesimbi zvakakamurwa kuitachoto chinoputikauyechoto chemagetsi chearc: yekutanga ichave simbi, coke nedzimwe simbi dzinonyungudutsa, uye ipapo oxygen yakawanda inofefetera, iyo yakanyungudutswa simbi inobviswa kabhoni kuita simbi yemvura. Imwe inoshandisa simba rakanaka remagetsi nekupisa rema graphite electrodes kunyungudutsa simbi dzakasara uye kuita simbi.
Saka, graphite electrode yekugadzira simbi yeEAF, sePVDF ye lithium anode, haidiwi zvakanyanya (tani imwe yesimbi inoshandisa graphite electrode ye 1.2-2.5kg chete), asi hazvigoneke pasina iye. Uye hapana imwe ichatsiva munguva pfupi iri kutevera.
2. Moto wekabhoni mbiri, wakadurura simba re graphite electrode
Kwete simbi chete, kugadzirwa kwema electrode e graphite iindasitiri inoshandisa simba rakawanda uye ine utsi hwakawanda, kuwedzera kwesimba remagetsi mune ramangwana hakuna tariro. Kugadzirwa kwe ton imwe chete ye graphite electrode kunodya matani angangoita 1.7 emarasha akajairwa, uye kana ikachinjwa kuita matani 2.66 e carbon dioxide patani imwe chete yemarasha akajairwa, ton imwe chete ye graphite electrode inoburitsa matani angangoita 4.5 e carbon dioxide mumhepo. Inner Mongolia haichabvumiri chirongwa che graphite electrode gore rino humbowo hwakanaka.
Zvichitungamirirwa nedual carbon target uye green theme, kuburitswa kwegore negore kwema graphite electrodes kwakadzikirawo kekutanga mumakore mana. Muna 2017, kudzoreredzwa kwemusika wesimbi we eAF pasi rose, zvichikonzera kudiwa kwema graphite electrode, vatambi ve graphite electrode vakawedzera kugadzirwa uye kuwedzera kugona, Graphite electrode muChina kubva muna 2017 kusvika 2019 yakaratidza kukura kwakanyanya.
Zvinonzi kutenderera, inyaya yekudya nyama yemumvura, kudya manoodles emumvura yemumvura.
Nekuda kwekudyara zvakanyanya uye kugadzirwa kwe graphite electrode muindasitiri, zvichikonzera kuwanda kwemasheya mumusika, zvakavhura nzira yekudzika kweindasitiri, kubviswa kwezvinhu kwave chinhu chikuru. Muna 2020, huwandu hwese hwe graphite electrode yepasi rose hwakaderera nematani 340,000, hwakaderera kusvika 22%, huwandu hwe graphite electrode muChina hwakadererawo kubva pamatani 800,000 kusvika pamatani 730,000, huwandu chaihwo hwegore rino hunotarisirwa kudzikira chete.
Husiku humwe chete mushure mekusunungurwa.
Kugona kugadzira hakusati kwakwira, hapana mari (mari shoma), mitengo yezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa iri kukwira. Petroleum coke, needle coke munguva pfupi yapfuura yakakwira 300-600 yuan/tani pasvondo. Kusanganiswa kwezvitatu izvi kunosiya vatambi ve graphite vaine sarudzo imwe chete, iri yekukwidza mitengo. Zvigadzirwa zve graphite electrode zvemazuva ese, zvine simba guru, zvine simba guru zvakawedzera mutengo. Sekureva kwemushumo weBaichuan Yingfu, kunyangwe mutengo ukakwira, musika we graphite electrode muChina uchiri kushomeka, vamwe vagadziri vanenge vasina graphite electrode, mwero wekushanda unoramba uchikwira.
3. Kushandurwa kwesimbi, kwe graphite electrode yakavhurika nzvimbo yekufungidzira
Kana miganhu yekugadzira, kukwira kwemitengo uye kusawana purofiti zviri izvo zviri kukonzera kukwira kwemitengo yema electrode e graphite mushure mekunge kutenderera kwadzikira, kushandurwa kweindasitiri yesimbi kunovhura fungidziro yekukwira kwemitengo yema electrode e graphite emhando yepamusoro mune ramangwana.
Parizvino, inenge 90% yesimbi isina kucheneswa inobva mukugadzira simbi ye "blast furnace" (coke), iyo ine kabhoni yakawanda inobuda. Mumakore achangopfuura, nekuda kwezvinodiwa nenyika zvekushandura nekukwidziridza kugona kwesimbi, kuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza kabhoni, vamwe vagadziri vesimbi vakachinja kubva mu "blast furnace" kuenda ku "electric arc furnace". Mitemo yakakodzera yakatangwa gore rapfuura yakaratidzawo kuti simbi inobuda mu "electric arc furnace" yaipfuura 15% yesimbi yese isina kucheneswa, uye inoedza kusvika 20%. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, nekuti graphite electrode yakakosha zvikuru ku "electric arc furnace", inovandudzawo zvisina kunanga zvinodiwa zve "graphite electrode".
Hazvina chikonzero chekuti chikamu chesimbi yeEAF chifanirwe kuvandudzwa. Makore mashanu apfuura, chikamu chekugadzirwa kwesimbi yemagetsi yepasi rose yesimbi isina kucheneswa chakasvika 25.2%, United States, European Union nyika makumi maviri nenomwe dzaive 62.7%, 39.4%, nyika yedu munzvimbo iyi yekufambira mberi ine nzvimbo yakawanda, kuitira kuti kudiwa kwema electrode egraphite kuwedzere.
Saka, zvinogona kungofungidzirwa kuti kana kubuda kwesimbi yeEAF kuchisvika 20% yehuwandu hwese hwesimbi isina kuchekwa muna 2025, uye kubuda kwesimbi isina kuchekwa kukaverengerwa zvichienderana nematani emamiriyoni 800 pagore, kudiwa kwe graphite electrode muChina muna 2025 kunosvika matani 750,000. Frost Sullivan anofanotaura kuti chikamu chechina chegore rino chichiri nenzvimbo yekushanda.
Ichokwadi kuti graphite electrode inosimuka nekukurumidza, zvese zvinoenderana nebhandi remagetsi re arc furnace.
4. Kupfupisa
Mukupedzisa, graphite electrode ine hunhu hwakasimba hwenguva nenguva, uye mamiriro ekushandiswa kwayo ari nyore, izvo zvinokanganiswa zvakanyanya neindasitiri yesimbi iri pasi. Mushure mekukwira kubva muna 2017 kusvika 2019, yakaderera gore rapfuura. Gore rino, pasi pemuganho wekugadzirwa, purofiti yakaderera uye mutengo wakakwira, mutengo wegraphite electrode waderera uye mwero wekushanda unoramba uchikwira.
Mune ramangwana, nekuda kwezvinodiwa zvekushandura simbi nesimbi zvine girini uye zvine kabhoni shoma, simbi yeEAF ichava chinhu chakakosha chinokurudzira kuwedzera kwekudiwa kwema electrode e graphite, asi kushandurwa nekusimudzirwa kuchatora nguva yakareba. Kukwira kwemitengo yema electrode e graphite kungasave nyore.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-08-2021