Muna 1955, Jilin Carbon Factory, bhizinesi rekutanga rekuChina regraphite electrode, rakaiswa mukushanda zviri pamutemo nerubatsiro rwenyanzvi dzehunyanzvi kubva kune yaimbova Soviet Union. Munhoroondo yekusimudzira yegraphite electrode, kune mavara maviri echiChinese.
Graphite electrode, yakakwira tembiricha inodzivirira graphite zvinhu, ine zvakanakisa zvivakwa zvekuitisa ikozvino uye kugadzira magetsi, anonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzirasimbi.
Mumashure ekusimudzwa kwezvigadzirwa, gore rino graphite electrode haina basa. Avhareji mutengo weiyo mainstream graphite electrode musika waive 21393 yuan/tani,kusvika 51%kubva panguva imwe chete gore rapfuura. Nekuda kweizvi, iyo yemumba graphite electrode mukoma mukuru (musika mugove inopfuura 20%) - Fang Da carbon (600516) muzvikamu zvitatu zvekutanga zvegore rino mari yekushandisa ye3.57 bhiriyoni yeyuan, gore negore kukura kwe37% , kudzokera kuna amai net profit kukura kwe118%. Kubudirira uku kwakakwezva masangano anopfuura makumi matatu kuti aferefete svondo rapfuura, pakati payo paine akawanda makuru emabhizinesi ekutsvaga mari seEfonda neHarvest.
Uye shamwari dzinoteerera kune indasitiri yemagetsi emagetsi vese vanoziva kuti pasi pesimbi yechibhakera chetemberi simba rinoshandiswa kaviri kutonga, kushandiswa kwesimba kwakanyanya uye maindasitiri ekusvibisa maindasitiri akamisa kugadzirwa uye kuvhara. Zvigayo zvesimbi semabhizimusi epamusoro akapetwa kaviri anofanirwawo kuita basa rinotungamira muhebei iron uye purovhinzi yesimbi inonyanya kuzivikanwa. Maererano nechokwadi, kugadzirwa kwesimbi shoma, kudiwa kwe graphite electrode kuchadererawo, nezvigunwe zvinogona kufunga, graphite electrode mitengo inofanira kudonha ah.
1. Pasina graphite electrodes, magetsi arc furnaces haashande
Kuti uwane kunzwisiswa kwakadzama kwemagraphite electrodes, zvinodikanwa kuvhura iyo indasitiri ketani yekutarisa kushoma. Kumusoro, graphite electrode kune petroleum coke, tsono coke maviri emakemikari zvigadzirwa seyakagadzirwa, kuburikidza ne11 yakaoma process gadziriro,1 toni yegraphite electrode inoda matani 1.02 ezvigadzirwa, kutenderera kwekugadzira kwemazuva anopfuura makumi mashanu, mutengo wezvinhu wakaverengerwa kupfuura 65%.
Sezvandakataura, ma graphite electrodes anofambisa magetsi. Zvinoenderana neinobvumidzwa yazvino density, graphite electrode inogona kukamurwazve kuitasimba renguva dzose, simba guru uye ultra-high simbagraphite electrodes. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi ane akasiyana emuviri uye makemikari zvimiro.
Pasi perwizi, ma graphite electrodes anoshandiswa muarc furnaces, maindasitiri silicon uyeyero phosphoruskugadzirwa, kugadzirwa kwesimbi kunowanzoita nezve80%yekushandiswa kwese kwe graphite electrodes, mutengo wezvino uno unonyanya kukonzerwa neindasitiri yesimbi. Mumakore achangopfuura, nekuwedzera kwenhamba yemagetsi ekupedzisira-akakwira EAF masimbi ane mutengo uri nani, magirafu emagetsi ari kusimukira akananga kusimba repamusoro-soro, iro rine kuita kurinani pane simba rakajairika. Ndiani tenziUltra yakakwirira simba graphite electrodetekinoroji, uyo achatungamira musika wemangwana. Parizvino, vagadziri gumi vepamusoro-soro pasi rose vemagetsi epamusoro-soro egraphite electrode vanosvika 44.4% yehuwandu hwekubuda kwemagetsi emagetsi epamusoro-soro pasi rose. Musika wacho wakanyanyisa, uye nyika huru inotungamira iJapan.
Kuti unzwisise zviri nani zvinotevera, heino sumo pfupi yenzira yekugadzira simbi. Kazhinji kutaura, kunyungudutswa kwesimbi nesimbi kunokamurwa kuitablast furnaceuyeelectric arc furnace: iyo yekutanga ichava iron ore, coke uye imwe inonyungudutsa yenguruve iron, uyezve huwandu hukuru hwemhepo inovhuvhuta inoshandura, iyo yakanyungudutswa simbi decarbonization kuita mvura simbi simbi. Imwe yacho inotora mukana weakanakisa magetsi uye ekupisa kwemagetsi egraphite electrode kunyungudutsa zvimedu zvesimbi uye kuita simbi.
Naizvozvo, graphite electrode nokuda EAF simbi kugadzira, kufanana PVDF nokuti lithium anode, zvinodiwa hazvisi zvakawanda (1 tani simbi inodya chete 1.2-2.5kg graphite electrode), asi chaizvoizvo hazvibviri pasina iye. Uye hapazove nekutsiva chero nguva munguva pfupi.
2. Kabhoni mbiri moto, yakadurura graphite electrode capacity
Kwete chete simbi, graphite electrode kugadzirwa zvakare yakakwira simba rekushandisa uye yakakwira emission indasitiri, yeramangwana yekuwedzera kwesimba haina tarisiro. Kugadzirwa kwe tani imwe ye graphite electrode kunopedza matani 1,7 emarasha akajairika, uye kana akashandurwa kuita 2,66 matani ecarbon dioxide patani yemarasha akajairika, toni imwe chete ye graphite electrode inoburitsa matani 4,5 ecarbon dioxide kuenda kumhepo. Inner Mongolia haichabvumiri graphite electrode project gore rino humbowo hwakanaka.
Zvichifambiswa nekaviri kabhoni tarisiro uye dingindira rakasvibira, kubuda kwegore kwemagraphite electrode kwakadzikirawo kekutanga mumakore mana. Muna 2017, musika wepasi rose weEAF simbi kudzoreredza, uchityaira kudiwa kwegraphite electrode, graphite electrode vatambi vakawedzera kugadzirwa uye kuwedzera simba, Graphite electrode muChina kubva 2017 kusvika 2019 yakaratidza kukura kwakanyanya maitiro.
Kunonzi kutenderera, ndiko kudya nyama yekumusoro, kuzasi idya sadza.
Nekuda kwekudyara kwakanyanya uye kugadzirwa kwe graphite electrode muindasitiri, zvichikonzera kuwanda kwemasheya mumusika, yakavhura nzira yekudzika yeindasitiri, kubvumidzwa kwezvinhu kwakava rwiyo rukuru. Muna 2020, kuburitswa kweglobal graphite electrode kwakadzikira ne340,000 tonnes, kudzika kusvika pa22%, kubuda kweChina kwegraphite electrode kwakadzikirawo kubva pa800,000 tonnes kusvika 730,000 tons, gore rino kubuda chaiko kunotarisirwa kudzikira chete.
Humwe husiku shure kusati kwasunungurwa.
Kusimba kwekugadzira hakuna kukwira, hapana mari (yakaderera gross margin), mitengo yezvigadzirwa iri kukwira. Petroleum coke, tsono coke nguva pfupi yadarika pavhiki kusvika 300-600 yuan/ton. Kubatanidzwa kwevatatu kunosiya vatambi vegraphite vaine sarudzo imwe chete, kukwidza mitengo. Zvakajairwa, simba guru, ekupedzisira-akakwirira simba matatu graphite electrode zvigadzirwa zvakawedzera mutengo. Sekureva kwaBaichuan Yingfu mushumo, kunyangwe mutengo ukakwira, musika weChina wegraphite electrode uchiri kushomeka, vamwe vagadziri vanenge vasina graphite electrode inventory, chiyero chekushanda chinoramba chichikwira.
3. Steel shanduko, ye graphite electrode yakazaruka yekufungidzira nzvimbo
Kana kugadzirwa kwemiganhu, kukwira kwemitengo uye kusaita purofiti ndiko kukonzeresa kukwira kwemutengo wegraphite electrode mushure mekutenderera kwakadzikira kunze, kushandurwa kweindasitiri yesimbi kunovhura fungidziro yekukwira kwemutengo weramangwana repamusoro-kuguma graphite electrode.
Parizvino, ingangoita 90% yemidziyo yemumba isina kuchena inobuda kubva kublast furnace steelmaking (coke), iyo ine hombe kabhoni emission. Mumakore achangopfuura, nezvinodiwa nenyika zvekuchinja kwesimbi uye kusimudzira, kuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza kabhoni, vamwe vagadziri vesimbi vakatendeuka kubva mumoto unoputika kuenda kumagetsi arc vira. Mitemo yakakodzera yakaunzwa gore rapfuura zvakare yakaratidza kuti simbi yekubuda kwemagetsi arc furnace yakaverengera kupfuura 15% yeiyo yakazara crude simbi yakabuda, uye inovavarira kuwana 20%. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, nekuti graphite electrode yakakosha kune yemagetsi arc furnace, inovandudzawo zvisina kunanga zvinodiwa zvemhando yegraphite electrode.
Hazvisi pasina chikonzero kuti chikamu cheEAF simbi chinofanira kuvandudzwa. Makore mashanu apfuura, nyika yemagetsi arc furnace simbi yekugadzira muzana ye crude simbi kugadzirwa yasvika 25.2%, United States, European Union 27 nyika dzaive 62.7%, 39.4%, nyika yedu munzvimbo ino yekufambira mberi kune nzvimbo yakawanda. , kuitira kuti uwedzere kudiwa kwe graphite electrode.
Naizvozvo, zvinogona kungofungidzirwa kuti kana kubuda kwesimbi yeEAF kunosvika makumi maviri muzana ezvese kuburitswa kwesimbi isina kuchena muna 2025, uye kubuda kwesimbi isina kuchena kunoverengerwa zvichienderana ne800 miriyoni matani / gore, China graphite electrode kudiwa 2025 inenge 750,000 matani. Frost Sullivan anofanotaura kuti chikamu chechina chegore rino chichine imwe nzvimbo yekumhanya.
Ichokwadi kuti graphite electrode inokwira nokukurumidza, zvose zvinoenderana nebhanhire remagetsi arc furnace.
4. Kupfupikisa
Mukupedzisa, graphite electrode ine yakasimba periodic properties, uye maitiro ayo ekushandisa ari nyore, ayo anonyanya kukonzerwa nekambani yesimbi yepasi. Mushure mekukwira kubva muna 2017 kusvika 2019, yakadzikira gore rapfuura. Gore rino, pasi pepamusoro pemuganho wekugadzira, purofiti yakaderera uye mutengo wakakwira, mutengo wegraphite electrode wakadzikira uye mwero wekushanda unoramba uchikwira.
Mune ramangwana, neyakasvibira uye yakaderera-kabhoni shanduko inodikanwa yesimbi nesimbi indasitiri, EAF simbi ichava yakakosha kufambisa kuwedzera kweiyo graphite electrode kudiwa, asi shanduko uye kusimudzira ichave yakareba maitiro. Kukwira kwemitengo yemagraphite electrode kungasava nyore.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-08-2021